Functions and Components of Blood

Study Notes

Functions of Blood

Blood transports gases (O2 and CO2), hormones, nutrients, and wastes.
It regulates temperature, pH, and blood flow.
Blood protects the body by minimizing damage and blood loss through clotting.
It also maintains immunity.

Components of Blood & Hematopoiesis

Hematopoiesis is the formation of blood's formed elements.
Hematopoiesis begins with stem cells, which mature into progenitors.
Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells):
- Transport O2 and CO2 using Hemoglobin.
- Require iron for proper function.
- Lack a nucleus and mitochondria.
- Recycled in the spleen and liver.
- Are essentially bags of Hemoglobin.
- Low oxygen-carrying capacity is called Anemia.
- Genetic mutations can cause Sickle Cell Disease (mutant hemoglobin, malformed erythrocytes).
- Iron deficiency can cause anemia due to low dietary intake, blood loss, or pregnancy.
Thrombocytes (Platelets) & Fibrin:
- Crucial for blood clotting, releasing serotonin (vasoconstrictive).
Clotting Pathways (Initiation):
- Extrinsic pathway: Initiated by damage to vessels or tissue, involving Tissue Factor.
- Hemophilia is a bleeding disorder.
Clot Dissolution:
- Clots are broken down by plasmin.

Blood Types

Blood types (ABO) are determined by surface antigens:
- The "D" antigen is the Rh factor (positive or negative).
- Agglutination (clumping) happens when antibodies react with antigens.

Description

Explore the vital roles and components of blood in this quiz. Understand how blood transports essential substances, regulates bodily functions, and protects against injuries. Delve into hematopoiesis and the specifics of red blood cells, platelets, and their significance in maintaining health.