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Functions and Anatomy of the Kidneys

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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the ureter?

To convert vitamin D to its active form
To regulate blood pressure
To carry urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder (correct)
To filter blood and produce urine

What are the three primary nitrogenous wastes that are excreted by the kidneys?

Uric acid, creatine, and ammonia
Urea, creatine, and ammonia
Creatinine, ammonia, and urea
Urea, uric acid, and creatinine (correct)

What is the function of the renal pelvis?

To form the union of major calyces (correct)
To filter blood and produce urine
To regulate blood pressure
To convert vitamin D to its active form

What is the approximate length of an adult kidney?

12 cm long (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the outer layer of the kidney?

Renal cortex (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the nephron?

To filter blood and produce urine (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the two ureters in the urinary system?

Carrying urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the kidney functions that helps maintain body fluid composition?

Maintenance of blood plasma volume and composition (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is typically found in urine?

Electrolytes and waste products (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of erythropoietin secreted by the kidneys?

Stimulation of red blood cell formation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the urinary bladder in the urinary system?

Temporary storage of urine (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main structures responsible for maintaining the composition and volume of body fluids?

Two kidneys (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of cortical nephrons?

Adjusting the composition of the urine (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the sequence of urine flow from the nephrons to the urinary bladder?

Nephrons→ papillary ducts→ minor calyces→ major calyces→ renal pelvis→ ureter→ urinary bladder (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of cortical nephrons in the kidney?

80% (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the juxtamedullary nephrons?

Regulating blood water content (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the blood flow rate to the kidneys per minute?

1,200 ml (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the glomerular capsule in juxtamedullary nephrons?

Deep in renal cortex, close to renal medulla (B) Signup and view all the answers