Functionalist & Marxist views on Education
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Questions and Answers

Explain how Durkheim's concept of social solidarity is intended to function within the education system.

Durkheim believed that education, through subjects like history and English and the hidden curriculum, transmits shared norms and values, creating a sense of national pride and social cohesion. He believed it integrates the values and norms of society into children.

According to Parsons, what role does the education system play in bridging the gap between family values and broader societal values?

Parsons argued that schools act as a bridge between the particularistic values learned at home and the universalistic values of society, preparing students for interaction with a wider range of individuals based on merit and achievement, rather than ascribed status.

According to Davis and Moore, how does the education system contribute to role allocation in society?

Davis and Moore suggest that the education system sorts individuals based on their abilities and qualifications. They believe it allocates them to different positions in the social hierarchy to ensure that the most talented individuals fill the most important roles, based on merit.

Briefly describe Wong's critique of the functionalist perspective on socialization in education.

<p>Wong argues that socialization in schools isn't simply a passive absorption of norms and values. He believes it requires positive teacher-student relationships for effective transmission and acceptance of societal values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Althusser, how does the education system contribute to the legitimization of social inequality?

<p>Althusser argued that education legitimizes social inequality by promoting the idea that success is based on merit, while in reality, the middle class have more access to the economic and cultural capital, blindly encouraging students to accept capitalist values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain Bowles and Gintis' correspondence theory in the context of Marxist perspectives on education.

<p>Bowles and Gintis argued that schools mirror the world of work through things like obedience, discipline, and hierarchy. They believed this correspondence prepares students, particularly those from working-class backgrounds, for their future exploitation in the capitalist workforce and reproduces social inequality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Althusser, how does the education system contribute to the reproduction of social inequality?

<p>Althusser argues the education system helps reproduce social inequality by preparing the working class for unskilled labor, while education is shaped to aid the middle class and disregard the working class, which reinforces the existing class structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Briefly describe Floud and Martin’s evaluation of the Marxist perspective on education.

<p>Floud and Martin argue that Marxists exaggerate the extent to which education determines working-class achievement. They believe that there are other factors beyond the education system like individual agency that influence a students grades.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Contrast the functionalist and Marxist views on meritocracy within the education system.

<p>Functionalists believe education is a meritocratic system where achievement is based on ability and effort, allowing for social mobility and role allocation. Marxists, however, argue that meritocracy is a myth as factors such as class background significantly influence educational outcomes and reproduce social inequalities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Briefly describe Morrow and Torres’ argument against the Marxist view on education.

<p>Morrow and Torres argue that students are not simply passive recipients of class-based ideologies. They suggest that students actively construct individual and collective identities, which are not entirely determined by their social class.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Durkheim's View on Education

Education socializes children into society's norms and values, fostering integration and a sense of national pride through subjects like history.

Parsons: Education as a Bridge

Schools bridge the gap between family and societal values, integrating students into broader societal norms.

Davis and Moore: Role Allocation

The education system allocates roles based on merit, differentiating students for their future positions in the social hierarchy.

Althusser on Social Inequality

Education reinforces social inequality by favoring the middle class with cultural and economic capital, encouraging acceptance of capitalist values.

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Bowles and Gintis: Correspondence Theory

School mirrors the workplace through discipline and hierarchy, promoting the myth of meritocracy while discriminating against working-class students.

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Althusser: Reproduction of Inequality

Education prepares the working class for unskilled labor, shaping their future to aid the middle class and disregard working-class needs.

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Study Notes

  • Functionalists and Marxists offer contrasting perspectives on education's role and impact on society.

Functionalist View of Education

  • Education transmits societal norms and values through its hidden curriculum, enabling successful social integration.
  • Subjects such as history and English can instill a sense of national pride in students.
  • Education acts as a bridge, linking values learned at home with broader societal values.
  • Education sorts students into different roles, which determines their position in the social hierarchy.
  • Educational achievement is the primary determinant of power and wealth, based on merit.
  • Socialization is not passively absorbed by children; a good teacher-student relationship is a prerequisite.
  • Education reinforces a ruling class ideology through its hidden curriculum.
  • Education perpetuates patriarchy, and not merit, via the hidden curriculum.
  • Private schools negate the possibility of education being an equal social agent.

Marxist View of Education

  • Middle-class individuals benefit from greater access to cultural and economic capital.
  • Education encourages students to accept capitalist values uncritically.
  • School processes mirror the workplace through obedience, discipline, punctuality, and respect for hierarchy.
  • The education system discriminates in favor of middle-class students, undermining the notion of meritocracy.
  • The education system prepares the working class for unskilled labor by prioritizing the middle class.
  • Education's impact on working-class achievement is overstated.
  • Students actively construct their identities.
  • Students' identities are not solely shaped by class.

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Explore the contrasting perspectives of Functionalists and Marxists on education's role in society. From transmitting norms to perpetuating patriarchy, this comparison delves into the impact of education.

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