5. Blood Supply Hip Thigh Popliteal Fossa

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Questions and Answers

Which artery continues from the femoral artery and ends at the superior border of the popliteus muscle?

Popliteal artery (correct)

Lateral femoral circumflex artery

Profunda femoris artery

Anterior tibial artery

What do the genicular arteries primarily supply in the knee?

Articular capsule and ligaments (correct)

Patellar ligament

Hamstring muscles

Femur bone structure

Which of the following arteries is NOT part of the five genicular arteries?

Middle genicular artery

Inferior medial genicular artery

Inferior tibial genicular artery (correct)

Superolateral genicular artery

Which structure or space does the great saphenous vein pass through?

Saphenous opening or fossa ovalis Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the genicular anastomosis in the knee area?

Five genicular arteries and additional femoral branches Signup and view all the answers

Which artery is responsible for supplying the medial aspect of the thigh area?

Medial femoral circumflex artery Signup and view all the answers

What is the position of the great saphenous vein in relation to the medial malleolus?

Ascends anterior to the medial malleolus Signup and view all the answers

Which artery is a branch of the lateral femoral circumflex artery that contributes to the genicular anastomosis?

Descending branch Signup and view all the answers

Which arteries primarily supply blood to the hip joint?

Medial and lateral femoral circumflex arteries Signup and view all the answers

What artery is NOT part of the cruciate anastomosis around the hip?

Anterior tibial artery Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Medial Femoral Circumflex Artery?

To supply the head and neck of the femur Signup and view all the answers

From which artery does the first perforating artery arise?

Profunda femoral artery Signup and view all the answers

The medial femoral circumflex artery is positioned between which two muscles?

Pectineus and iliopsoas Signup and view all the answers

Which artery arises from the femoral artery and primarily supplies the anterior and anteromedial surface of the thigh?

Profunda Femoral Artery Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following arteries contributes to the ascending branch of the lateral femoral circumflex artery?

Transverse branch of lateral femoral circumflex artery Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the perforating branches of the Profunda Femoral Artery?

They supply the posterior thigh. Signup and view all the answers

Where does the Medial Femoral Circumflex Artery usually arise from?

Profunda Femoral Artery Signup and view all the answers

What is one function of the retinacular arteries?

To supply blood to the head of the femur Signup and view all the answers

Which artery is primarily responsible for the medial supply to the hip joint?

Medial femoral circumflex artery Signup and view all the answers

Which artery is primarily involved in supplying lateral hip muscles?

Lateral Femoral Circumflex Artery Signup and view all the answers

The cruciate anastomosis includes which of the following combinations?

Transverse branch of lateral femoral circumflex, inferior gluteal, profunda femoral artery Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the Femoral Artery after it crosses the inguinal ligament?

It becomes the profunda femoral artery. Signup and view all the answers

Which artery provides several branches that contribute to the cruciate anastomosis of the hip?

Lateral Femoral Circumflex Artery Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathway for the blood supply to the posterior thigh muscles?

Profunda Femoral Artery -> Perforating branches Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Functional Anatomy of Lower Extremity: Blood Supply

Blood supply to the hip, thigh, and popliteal fossa is complex, with multiple arteries providing critical oxygen and nutrient delivery to the region.
Key arteries include the iliolumbar, lateral sacral, superior gluteal, inferior gluteal, internal pudendal arteries, internal iliac, external iliac, umbilical, obturator, superior vesical, and inferior vesical arteries.
The femoral artery supplies the anterior and anteromedial thigh surface; it changes name to external iliac after crossing the inguinal ligament.
The profunda femoral artery (deep femoral) arises from the femoral artery, near the inguinal ligament. This artery provides perforating branches through the add magnus, supplying the posterior thigh.
The medial and lateral femoral circumflex arteries are crucial for supplying blood to the head and neck of the femur. They arise from either the profunda or femoral arteries.
Retinacular arteries, arising from medial/lateral femoral circumflex arteries, are vital in supplying blood to the hip joint directly.
A cruciate anastomosis is featured where multiple blood vessels (e.g., transverse branches of lateral circumflex artery, medial femoral circumflex artery, inferior gluteal artery, first perforating artery of profunda femoral artery) interconnect, providing a backup blood supply network in the hip area.
Blood supply interruption can occur in cases of femoral neck fracture.
Avascular necrosis or osteonecrosis can occur when blood supply to bone is disrupted, leading to bone death. Trauma or damage to the blood vessels may result in avascular necrosis.

Blood Supply in Popliteal Fossa

The popliteal artery is a continuation of the femoral artery and extends to the superior border of the popliteus muscle.
Branches of the popliteal artery include five genicular arteries: superior lateral, superior medial, inferior medial, inferior lateral, and middle genicular. They provide blood flow to the articular capsule and ligaments of the knee.
Genicular anastomosis includes all genicular arteries (x5). It also includes descending genicular branches, descending branches of lateral femoral circumflex artery, and recurrent branches of anterior tibial artery.

Knee Anastomosis

The knee joint's blood supply is provided by the genicular anastomosis.
The genicular anastomosis comprises five genicular arteries: superior medial, superior lateral, middle, inferior medial, and inferior lateral genicular arteries.

Slips Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE)

SCFE is a condition where the femoral head slips away from the femoral neck, often due to weakened epiphyseal plate, microtrauma, shear stress.
SCFE commonly occurs in children between ages 10 and 16. Boys are more prone to develop SCFE than girls.
Overweight children are at increased risk of SCFE.
Common treatments involve in-situ fixation (fixation of the bone in place by a single central screw) and possibly prophylactic bilateral surgical intervention when bilateral slip occurs.

Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease

Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease is a childhood avascular necrosis of the femoral head that is of unknown origin.
It commonly affects boys between ages four and seven.
Treatment historically involved casting or bracing, but evidence suggests that this approach does not differ from no treatment in regards to outcomes.

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Description

Explore the intricate blood supply to the hip, thigh, and popliteal fossa in this quiz. Learn about key arteries such as the femoral, profunda femoral, and circumflex arteries that ensure adequate oxygen and nutrient delivery to these regions. Test your understanding of how these arteries contribute to lower extremity function.