Functional Anatomy of Digestive System

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Which of the following organs is NOT a primary digestive organ?

Stomach

Small intestine

Pharynx

Salivary glands (correct)

What is the primary function of the Meissner plexus in the GI tract?

Absorption of digested end products into the blood or lymph

Regulation of secretory functions of GI tract (correct)

Breakdown of food molecules into smaller subunits

Regulation of movements of GI tract

Which of the following is NOT a function of the GI tract?

Respiration (correct)

Motility

Secretion

Absorption

What is the term for the movement of food through the digestive tract?

Motility Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following neurotransmitters is NOT associated with the Auerbach plexus?

Dopamine Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the nerve plexus that regulates the movements of the GI tract?

Auerbach plexus Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate volume of saliva secreted per day?

1000 mL to 1500 mL Signup and view all the answers

What is the pH of mixed saliva from all the glands?

6.35 to 6.85 Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of saliva is composed of water?

99.5% Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of lingual lipase in saliva?

It hydrolyzes triglycerides into fatty acids and diacylglycerol Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the excretory functions of saliva?

Excretion of substances like mercury Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific gravity of saliva?

1.002 to 1.012 Signup and view all the answers

Which type of nerve fibers inhibit the movements and decrease the secretions of the GI tract?

Sympathetic nerve fibers Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is secreted by sympathetic nerve fibers to inhibit the GI tract?

Noradrenaline Signup and view all the answers

Which nerves carry preganglionic parasympathetic nerve fibers to the mouth and salivary glands?

Facial and glossopharyngeal nerves Signup and view all the answers

Which segment of the spinal cord gives rise to preganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers?

Thoracic region (T5 to L2) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of sympathetic nerve fibers on the sphincters?

Constriction Signup and view all the answers

Through which nerve do preganglionic parasympathetic nerve fibers to the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and upper part of large intestine pass?

Vagus nerve Signup and view all the answers

Where are the pyloric glands located in the stomach?

Pyloric part Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell is responsible for secreting hormones in the stomach?

Enteroendocrine cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of gastrin in the stomach?

Stimulates gastric secretion and motility Signup and view all the answers

What is the pH range of gastric juice?

0.9 to 1.2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate daily volume of gastric juice secretion?

1200 mL/day to 1500 mL/day Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of secreting hydrochloric acid in the stomach?

Active process Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of carbon dioxide in the parietal cell?

Metabolic activities of the parietal cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of carbonic anhydrase in the parietal cell?

To facilitate the formation of carbonic acid Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of the bicarbonate ion generated during the formation of hydrochloric acid?

It enters the blood and combines with sodium Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of vagal stimulation on the secretion of hydrochloric acid?

It stimulates the secretion of hydrochloric acid Signup and view all the answers

What is the optimal pH for the activation of pepsinogen?

Below 6 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of pepsin in the digestive process?

To convert proteins into proteoses, peptones, and polypeptides Signup and view all the answers