Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary method used in Optical cell counting automation?
What is the primary method used in Optical cell counting automation?
- Absorption and fluorescence techniques (correct)
- Electrical impedance measurement
- Centrifugation for size separation
- Chemical staining and dyeing
Which component of the Aperture Impedance Counter is involved in measuring electrical impedance?
Which component of the Aperture Impedance Counter is involved in measuring electrical impedance?
- Suction mechanism
- Internal Electrode (correct)
- External Electrode
- Glass Aperture Tube
What does a change in electrical impedance represent in the Aperture Impedance Principle?
What does a change in electrical impedance represent in the Aperture Impedance Principle?
- The concentration of electrolytes
- The type of particles present
- The volume of particles passing through the aperture (correct)
- The temperature of the sample
What is a limitation of basic Aperture Impedance Counting when analyzing cell populations?
What is a limitation of basic Aperture Impedance Counting when analyzing cell populations?
Why does the Optical method complement the Aperture Impedance method in cell counting automation?
Why does the Optical method complement the Aperture Impedance method in cell counting automation?
How does the vortex behind the aperture affect the counting process in basic Aperture Impedance Counting?
How does the vortex behind the aperture affect the counting process in basic Aperture Impedance Counting?
What is the typical size range of the aperture in Aperture Impedance Counters?
What is the typical size range of the aperture in Aperture Impedance Counters?
What impact do shear forces near the aperture have during counting?
What impact do shear forces near the aperture have during counting?
What additional challenge is brought by the detection zone extending on either side of the aperture?
What additional challenge is brought by the detection zone extending on either side of the aperture?
What primary capability does the Aperture Impedance Counter have in cell counting?
What primary capability does the Aperture Impedance Counter have in cell counting?
What does a Reticulocyte count specifically measure in the blood?
What does a Reticulocyte count specifically measure in the blood?
What do 'Flags' indicate in a Full Blood Count?
What do 'Flags' indicate in a Full Blood Count?
For which condition might a Full Blood Count NOT typically be conducted?
For which condition might a Full Blood Count NOT typically be conducted?
What is 'Defensive Medicine' in the context of a Full Blood Count?
What is 'Defensive Medicine' in the context of a Full Blood Count?
Why is a Full Blood Count performed for reassurance?
Why is a Full Blood Count performed for reassurance?
What role does a Haemocytometer Slide serve?
What role does a Haemocytometer Slide serve?
What is the relationship between Hemoglobin and Packed Cell Volume (PCV) after centrifugation?
What is the relationship between Hemoglobin and Packed Cell Volume (PCV) after centrifugation?
How is Packed Cell Volume (PCV) calculated as a percentage?
How is Packed Cell Volume (PCV) calculated as a percentage?
Which method is NOT one of the principal methods of cell counting automation?
Which method is NOT one of the principal methods of cell counting automation?
What does the Aperture Impedance method measure in cell counting automation?
What does the Aperture Impedance method measure in cell counting automation?
What is the definition of Haematocrit in a Full Blood Count?
What is the definition of Haematocrit in a Full Blood Count?
What does MCV stand for in the context of a Full Blood Count?
What does MCV stand for in the context of a Full Blood Count?
What is MCH in the context of a Full Blood Count?
What is MCH in the context of a Full Blood Count?
What does RDW stand for in a Full Blood Count?
What does RDW stand for in a Full Blood Count?
What can an elevated Immature Granulocyte count in a Full Blood Count suggest?
What can an elevated Immature Granulocyte count in a Full Blood Count suggest?
What does the Nucleated RBC count indicate in a Full Blood Count?
What does the Nucleated RBC count indicate in a Full Blood Count?
What is the function of the Reticulocyte count in a Full Blood Count?
What is the function of the Reticulocyte count in a Full Blood Count?
What does MCHC stand for in the context of a Full Blood Count?
What does MCHC stand for in the context of a Full Blood Count?
What is the primary objective of Sheath Stream Focussing in cell counting?
What is the primary objective of Sheath Stream Focussing in cell counting?
What potential error can occur if cells pass through the detector side by side?
What potential error can occur if cells pass through the detector side by side?
Why are basophils resistant to acid lysis in Differential Lysis?
Why are basophils resistant to acid lysis in Differential Lysis?
How does narrow angle forward scatter contribute to cell analysis in Optical Cell Counting?
How does narrow angle forward scatter contribute to cell analysis in Optical Cell Counting?
What type of information does wider angle scatter provide in Optical Cell Counting?
What type of information does wider angle scatter provide in Optical Cell Counting?
In the absence of Sheath Stream Focussing, which issue may arise during cell counting?
In the absence of Sheath Stream Focussing, which issue may arise during cell counting?
What does the 'SFL' represent in Sysmex Optical WBC Differential Counting?
What does the 'SFL' represent in Sysmex Optical WBC Differential Counting?
In what types of cell counting methods is Differential Lysis commonly utilized?
In what types of cell counting methods is Differential Lysis commonly utilized?
Which component in Optical Cell Counting is used to enhance contrast in optical microscopy?
Which component in Optical Cell Counting is used to enhance contrast in optical microscopy?
What is the relationship between the number of pulses and cell count in Optical Cell Counting?
What is the relationship between the number of pulses and cell count in Optical Cell Counting?
What does FSC represent in Sysmex Optical WBC Differential Counting?
What does FSC represent in Sysmex Optical WBC Differential Counting?
Which parameter does SSC in Sysmex Optical WBC Differential Counting provide information about?
Which parameter does SSC in Sysmex Optical WBC Differential Counting provide information about?
What is the function of acid differential lysis in the WBC/Baso channel of Sysmex?
What is the function of acid differential lysis in the WBC/Baso channel of Sysmex?
What could be a possible cause for anemia in a patient who has had a gastrectomy?
What could be a possible cause for anemia in a patient who has had a gastrectomy?
What does elevated WBC and Neut indicate in a patient presenting with fainting and abdominal pain?
What does elevated WBC and Neut indicate in a patient presenting with fainting and abdominal pain?
Which condition might be suggested by low Platelets and low Neutrophils in a patient with pyrexia and lymphadenopathy?
Which condition might be suggested by low Platelets and low Neutrophils in a patient with pyrexia and lymphadenopathy?
What does an elevated MCHC suggest in a child with lethargy and jaundice?
What does an elevated MCHC suggest in a child with lethargy and jaundice?
What might low Hb and low RBC in a patient with weakness and bone pain indicate?
What might low Hb and low RBC in a patient with weakness and bone pain indicate?
Which of the following symptoms are likely associated with Thrombocytopenia in a patient?
Which of the following symptoms are likely associated with Thrombocytopenia in a patient?
What possible condition could result in pins and needles in a patient following a gastrectomy?
What possible condition could result in pins and needles in a patient following a gastrectomy?
Study Notes
Full Blood Count (FBC) Parameters
- Includes WBC, RBC, Hb, Haematocrit, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW, and platelet count.
- WBC count assesses immune response; differential count identifies specific white blood cell types.
- RBC count measures red blood cells' quantity; Hb level indicates oxygen-carrying capacity.
- Haematocrit represents the percentage of blood volume occupied by RBCs.
- MCV (Mean Cell Volume) indicates average RBC size.
- MCH (Mean Cell Hemoglobin) measures average hemoglobin content per RBC.
- MCHC (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration) reflects hemoglobin concentration in RBCs.
- RDW (Red Cell Distribution Width) measures variability in RBC size.
- Immature Granulocyte count can indicate inflammation or infection.
- Nucleated RBC count signals possible medical conditions; elevated levels are concerning.
- Reticulocyte count evaluates bone marrow activity and immature RBC production.
Clinical Uses of Full Blood Count
- Helps diagnose conditions such as anemia, infection, and malignancy.
- Monitors disease progression or response to treatment.
- Acts as defensive medicine to cover diagnostic thoroughness.
- Provides reassurance by confirming normal blood parameters.
- Utilized in routine health screenings for early detection of potential issues.
Haemocytometer and Packed Cell Volume (PCV)
- Haemocytometer is used for manual counting of blood cells.
- PCV (Packed Cell Volume) is obtained post-centrifugation, reflecting RBC proportion.
- Calculated as the height of the RBC column over total blood column height, expressed as a percentage.
- Sealed capillary tube method involves centrifuging blood to gauge PCV accurately.
Automation in Cell Counting
- Two principal methods: Aperture Impedance and Optical methods.
- Aperture Impedance counts cells by measuring electrical impedance changes through a small aperture.
- Optical method utilizes light scattering to analyze cellular characteristics, such as size and granularity.
- Combining both methods enhances analysis accuracy.
Challenges in Aperture Impedance Counting
- Issues include vortex effects, shear forces, and cell orientation affecting accuracy.
- Difficulties arise in counting mixed populations, such as RBCs and platelets.
- Sheath Stream Focussing improves cell separation and accuracy in mixed populations.
Differential Lysis and Optical Cell Counting
- Differential Lysis selectively lyses WBCs to differentiate populations effectively.
- Basophils resist acid lysis; eosinophils show resistance to alkaline lysis.
- Optical Cell Counting components include a light source, flow-cell, and detection mechanisms.
- Pulses correlate to cell counts, and light scatter provides details on cell volume and granularity.
Clinical Cases Interpretation
- Female, 75 years: Tired, poor diet suggesting potential anemia and malnutrition-related issues.
- Male, 55 years: Previous gastrectomy with pins and needles—signs of possible anemia (B12 deficiency).
- Female, 18 years: Symptoms suggest thrombocytopenia and neutropenia potentially due to infections.
- Female, 4 years: Anemia with jaundice implies underlying hematological disorder; possible iron deficiency.
- Male, 75 years: Weakness and bone pain point towards anemia with potential bone marrow involvement.
Conclusion
- Full Blood Count serves as a fundamental diagnostic tool, guiding clinicians in identifying disorders and monitoring health.
- Automated and manual methodologies enhance precision and comprehensive analysis of cell populations and characteristics.
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Description
This quiz covers the traditional parameters included in a Full Blood Count (FBC), focusing on metrics such as WBC count, RBC count, and hemoglobin levels. Additionally, you'll learn about haematocrit and its significance in evaluating blood health.
