Fukushima Nuclear Disaster Quiz

A measure that takes into account the type of radiation and the sensitivity of different tissues, providing an overall estimate of potential harm from radiation exposure.

Unit of measure for both Equivalent Dose (EqD) and Effective Dose (EfD), representing the potential harm of radiation exposure.

The degree of biological damage caused by radiation, considering the type of radiation and the specific tissues exposed.

Radiation's primary way of causing biological damage: knocking electrons out of atoms in tissues.

The damaging impact of radiation at the molecular level, leading to cell dysfunction or even death.

Abnormal changes in cells due to radiation exposure, potentially leading to genetic or other health issues.

Radiation-induced health effects that occur at the level of organisms, including genetic mutations and cancers.

A key indicator of radiation exposure, often showing a decrease after exposure to radiation.

A statistical measure reflecting the average radiation dose received by members of a population, assuming the total dose is distributed equally.

A qualified professional who can calculate an individual's actual radiation exposure from medical procedures using technical details.

日常用品中含有少量放射性材料，例如机场安检系统和电离型烟雾报警器。

飛機在高空飛行時，會受到宇宙射線的影響，增加乘客的輻射暴露量。

太陽黑子是太陽表面上出現的臨時冷暗區域，它們可能加劇太空中的宇宙輻射，增加飛機乘客的輻射暴露量。

太陽表面上發生的大規模能量釋放，會劇烈增加宇宙輻射，讓飛機乘客暴露在更高的輻射水平中。

Radiation exposure from air travel can be higher than expected, especially for frequent fliers like pilots and flight attendants.

The increased radiation exposure from flying is a concern, but it's not considered a significant health risk for infrequent air travelers.

Nuclear power plants contribute minimally to the overall radiation exposure of the US population during normal operations.

Fallout from nuclear weapons testing contributes a small, but measurable, amount to radiation exposure.

The actual radiation dose from nuclear fallout is spread out over time, with the highest dose rates occurring in the years immediately after the test.

The total annual radiation exposure from all sources, including nuclear fallout, is a relatively small fraction of the total radiation received by the average American.

Radiation dose commitment refers to the estimated total dose from a specific intake of radioactive material.

The radiation dose from nuclear weapons fallout is dispersed evenly over time and across the population, resulting in a small contribution to the overall individual exposure.

A sudden and violent shaking of the ground caused by the movement of tectonic plates.

A giant wave caused by an underwater disturbance, often triggered by an earthquake.

The process of keeping the temperature of a nuclear reactor core under control.

A safety barrier designed to protect a nuclear power plant from flooding.

The release of energy caused by a nuclear reaction, leading to extremely high temperatures.

A serious incident at a nuclear power plant in 1979, involving a partial meltdown of the reactor core due to a loss of coolant.

The process of determining the condition or state of an object or system, usually through observation or analysis. In the context of TMI-2, it involved understanding the damage to the reactor core.

The upper layer of debris formed as a result of the partial meltdown at TMI-2, composed of fragmented reactor core material.

A solid layer that provides support for the upper debris bed in the TMI-2 reactor.

The amount of radiation released during the TMI-2 accident, estimated at approximately 15 curies of iodine-131.

The average dose of radiation received by the population within a 50-mile radius of the TMI-2 plant, estimated at 0.08 mSv.

The estimated number of additional cancer deaths that might have occurred in the exposed population due to the radiation exposure from the TMI-2 accident.

The total radiation dose received by the population living within a 100-mile radius of the TMI-2 plant, used to assess the potential long-term health effects of the accident.

A large concrete shelter built over the remains of the Chernobyl Reactor 4 after the 1986 disaster to prevent further radiation release.

The process of weakening and potential collapse of the Chernobyl Sarcophagus due to time and radiation exposure.

A massive steel vault designed to completely enclose the Chernobyl Reactor 4 and the sarcophagus, providing long-term protection from radiation.

The estimated lifespan of the New Safe Confinement structure, designed to last for a century.

The method of building the New Safe Confinement structure by assembling it on-site and then sliding it over the existing sarcophagus.

The process of dismantling the original concrete sarcophagus after the new protective structure is in place.

Disasters like earthquakes, tsunamis, or volcanic eruptions that can cause accidents at nuclear power plants.

A significant nuclear accident that occurred at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in Japan, triggered by a massive earthquake and tsunami.