Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the classification of fuels based on whether they occur in nature or are prepared?
What is the classification of fuels based on whether they occur in nature or are prepared?
What is the main constituent of chemical fuel for proper burning?
What is the main constituent of chemical fuel for proper burning?
What is the measure of the amount of heat produced by the complete combustion of a fuel?
What is the measure of the amount of heat produced by the complete combustion of a fuel?
What is the process of removing impurities from crude petroleum to produce usable products?
What is the process of removing impurities from crude petroleum to produce usable products?
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What is the definition of fuel?
What is the definition of fuel?
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What is the main component of natural gas and CNG, which is used as a gaseous fuel?
What is the main component of natural gas and CNG, which is used as a gaseous fuel?
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What is the classification of fuels?
What is the classification of fuels?
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What is the process of refining crude petroleum to produce liquid fuel?
What is the process of refining crude petroleum to produce liquid fuel?
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What is the difference between gross calorific value and net calorific value?
What is the difference between gross calorific value and net calorific value?
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What are the components of natural gas and CNG used as gaseous fuels?
What are the components of natural gas and CNG used as gaseous fuels?
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Study Notes
Definition and Classification of Fuels
- Fuels are substances containing carbon as a primary component, releasing significant heat upon combustion for economic use.
- Primary fuels occur naturally, while secondary fuels are manufactured.
- Fuels are classified based on their physical state:
- Solid
- Liquid
- Gaseous
Calorific Value
- Calorific value measures the energy produced by the combustion of a fuel.
- Gross or Higher Calorific Value (GCV) represents the total heat released when a fuel is burned and the products are cooled to room temperature.
- Net or Lower Calorific Value (NCV) accounts for the heat lost in vaporizing water produced during combustion.
- Dulong’s formula can be used to calculate GCV and NCV, incorporating hydrogen, carbon, and sulfur content.
Solid Fuels: Proximate and Ultimate Analysis
- Proximate analysis includes moisture, volatile matter, fixed carbon, and ash content, determining the composition and combustion characteristics of coal.
- Ultimate analysis provides detailed chemical composition, including carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen.
- Numerical calculations can be performed to assess fuel properties based on proximate and ultimate analyses.
Liquid Fuels: Refining and Characteristics
- Crude petroleum undergoes refining processes to produce usable liquid fuels.
- Petrol can experience knocking, detrimental to engine performance and efficiency, evaluated by the Octane number.
- The Octane number measures a petrol's resistance to knocking, while the Cetane number does the same for diesel fuels.
- Antiknock agents are added to fuels to enhance their stability and performance, ensuring smoother combustion.
- Unleaded petrol contains no added lead, reducing environmental pollution.
Gaseous Fuels: Natural Gas and CNG
- Natural gas and Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) are popular gaseous fuels used for various energy applications.
- Combustion calculations are critical for determining the oxygen and air requirements needed for solid and gaseous fuels.
- Fuel combustion calculations encompass both weight and volume to optimize the combustion process.
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Description
Test your knowledge of fuels and combustion with this quiz covering the definition and classification of fuels, calorific value calculations, solid fuel analysis, refining of crude petroleum, and the properties of liquid fuels such as petrol. Sharpen your understanding of Dulong’s formula, proximate and ultimate analysis of coal, octane number, cetane number, and antiknock agents.
