Questions and Answers
Which statement indicates that the client does not understand the guidelines for clear liquids before a colonoscopy?
What is the primary purpose of the MyPlate food guide?
Given an infant weighing 7.5 kg with a caloric requirement of 100 cal/kg/day, how many milliliters of formula does the infant need in 24 hours?
Why is red-colored gelatin often prohibited before a colonoscopy?
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Which of the following dietary recommendations is NOT part of the bland diet served to clients?
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What is the primary function of potassium in nerve and muscle fibers?
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Which nutrient is primarily regulated by the kidneys?
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What is the normal serum potassium range in mEq/L?
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Which of the following minerals is essential for maintaining healthy bones and teeth?
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Bicarbonate plays a crucial role in which physiological process?
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What role does magnesium play in the human body?
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Chloride serves a key function in digestion primarily through its role in:
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Which of the following best describes the participation of phosphate in the body?
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What role do osmoreceptors play in the regulation of fluid volume?
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Which mineral is most abundant in extracellular fluid?
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Which measurement corresponds to 1 cup of raw or cooked apple?
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How much applesauce counts as 1/2 cup of fruit?
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What is the equivalent measurement for 1 medium wedge of cantaloupe?
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Which of the following fruits can count both as 1 cup and 1/2 cup depending on the form?
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What size banana counts as 1 small serving based on length?
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Which of the following measurements does NOT equal 1 cup of fruit?
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Which of these amounts counts as 1/2 cup of fruit when considering bananas?
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How many ounces are in a standard snack container that counts as 1/2 cup of applesauce?
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What is primarily responsible for increasing serum calcium levels?
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Which dietary reference intake specifically addresses the average daily nutrient intake needed for health?
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What dietary pattern excludes all animal products?
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Which condition inhibits the secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
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In therapeutic nutrition, which factor is least likely to influence a client's dietary needs?
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How does low magnesium levels affect PTH secretion?
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Which of the following is NOT a consideration when planning a therapeutic diet?
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What is the main purpose of dietary reference intakes (DRIs)?
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Which vegetarian diet still includes dairy products but excludes eggs?
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When does PTH secretion increase?
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How many ounce-equivalents does one small chicken breast half provide?
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What is the ounce-equivalent for one can of tuna, drained?
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How many ounce-equivalents are found in 1 large egg?
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What amount of cooked beans provides 2 ounce-equivalents?
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Which of the following provides the highest ounce-equivalents?
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If someone consumes 1/2 ounce of pistachios, how many ounce-equivalents have they consumed?
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What ounce-equivalent is attributed to 3 egg yolks?
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Which of the following foods provides 2 ounce-equivalents?
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How many ounce-equivalents does 1/4 cup of tofu count as?
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What is the ounce-equivalent for 1 small lean hamburger?
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Study Notes
Fruit Serving Sizes
- Apple: 1 apple (3.25" diameter) = 1 cup sliced/chopped; 1/2 cup sliced/chopped for each 1/2 large (raw/cooked).
- Applesauce: 1 cup = 1 snack container (4oz).
- Banana: 1 small (less than 6") = 1/2 cup; 1 large (8"-9") = 1 cup.
- Cantaloupe: 1 cup diced/balls = 1 medium wedge (1/8 of a medium melon).
Protein Serving Sizes
- Cooked Lean Meats: 1 ounce each for beef, pork, chicken, or turkey (without skin).
- Seafood: 1 ounce cooked fish/shellfish or 1 small salmon (4-6 ounce-equivalents).
- Eggs: 1 egg = 1 ounce-equivalent; 3 egg yolks = 1 ounce-equivalent.
- Nuts and Seeds: 1/2 ounce (12 almonds or 24 pistachios) = 1 ounce-equivalent, also includes 1 Tbsp of nut butter.
- Beans and Peas: 1/4 cup cooked beans/peas = 2 ounce-equivalents; includes soups like split pea and lentil.
Essential Nutrients
- Potassium: Most abundant intracellular cation; important for nerve/muscle function, muscle contraction, and regulated by kidneys. Normal serum levels: 3.5 to 5.3 mEq/L.
- Calcium: Crucial for bone health, cell function, blood clotting, and nerve/muscle activity.
- Magnesium: A component of bone structure and essential for energy metabolism.
- Chloride: Abundant anion in extracellular fluid; vital for digestion and acid-base balance. Normal serum levels: 100 to 106 mEq/L.
- Bicarbonate: Part of the buffering system to maintain pH levels in the body.
- Phosphate: Key in energy metabolism and genetic material structure.
Fluid and Nutritional Regulation
- Osmoreceptor System: Regulates fluid intake and output to maintain balance.
- Parathyroid Hormone (PTH): Adjusts calcium levels by bone resorption and intestinal absorption; secretion is responsive to serum calcium changes.
Dietary Guidelines and Plans
- Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs): Average daily intake values intended for healthy populations; includes RDA, AI, UL, and EAR.
- Ethnic and Religious Food Patterns: Influences meal planning and individual dietary choices.
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Vegetarian Diet Types:
- Vegan: No animal products.
- Lacto-ovo: Includes dairy and eggs, excludes meat/seafood.
- Lacto: Includes dairy, excludes eggs/meat.
Therapeutic Nutrition
- Modifies dietary needs based on health conditions; requires understanding client’s abilities and willingness to adhere to dietary guidelines.
Miscellaneous
- Colonoscopy Preparation: Clear liquid diet is essential; includes gelatin but excludes substances like ice cream.
- MyPlate Guide: Emphasizes proportionate intake of food groups for balanced nutrition, not specific to therapeutic diets.
- Infant Nutritional Needs: Caloric requirement of 100 cal/kg; for a 5-month-old (7.5 kg), requires 1125 mL of formula (calories per ounce converted to mL).
- Bland Diet Reference: Often used for clients with gastrointestinal issues to minimize irritation.
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Description
Test your knowledge on fruit portion sizes! This quiz will challenge you to identify various amounts of fruit that count towards a serving. Learn how to accurately measure and enjoy your fruits while maintaining a balanced diet.