Fruit Composition and Ripening
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Questions and Answers

Which acid is commonly found in citrus fruits and tomatoes?

  • Malic acid
  • Tartaric acid
  • Oxalic acid
  • Citric acid (correct)
  • What is the pH value below which most fruits have been found to have?

  • 6.0
  • 4.5
  • 5.0 (correct)
  • 5.5
  • Which of the following is a general term describing a group of polysaccharides found in fruits?

  • Pectin (correct)
  • Pectic acid
  • Protopectin
  • Phenolic compounds
  • Fruits with a pH value above which are often used as vegetables?

    <p>4.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following acids is responsible for the tartness of grapes?

    <p>Tartaric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three groups of pectic substances found in fruit?

    <p>Pectin, Protopectin, Pectic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the market does Deglet Noor dates constitute?

    <p>95%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of adding acid in the preparation of fruits?

    <p>To inhibit enzyme activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential oil?

    <p>A volatile substance with 100 times the flavoring power of the material it originated from</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of osmotic changes during heating of fruits?

    <p>A change in the texture of the fruit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of canning, freezing, and drying fruits?

    <p>To make fruits available all year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the compound that has a chemical configuration of a hexagon?

    <p>Aromatic compound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of pectin in the structure of fruits?

    <p>It acts as a cementing substance between cell walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary basis for the USDA grading of fresh fruits?

    <p>Size, shape, color, and texture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to pectin as fruit continues to ripen and becomes overripe?

    <p>It gradually turns to pectic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for the browning and bruising of ripening fruit?

    <p>Phenolic compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which stage of fruit development are phenolic compounds most prevalent?

    <p>Unripe fruit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of pectin breakdown in overripe fruit?

    <p>Formation of pectic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary protein found in milk?

    <p>Casein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of pasteurization in milk processing?

    <p>To reduce the bacterial count</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of whey?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of water in milk?

    <p>87.3%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the highest grade of milk, based on its bacterial count?

    <p>Grade A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of solidifying casein out of solution?

    <p>Precipitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of homogenization in milk processing?

    <p>To break up fat globules into smaller ones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of milk becoming semisolid due to denatured proteins?

    <p>Coagulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary composition of milk solids-not-fat (MSNF)?

    <p>Proteins and lactose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum temperature required for ultrapasteurization of milk?

    <p>280°F (138°C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shelf life of ultrahigh-temperature (UHT) milk?

    <p>Up to three months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of milk produced in the United States that is sold as fluid milk and cream?

    <p>About half</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum percentage of milk solids non-fat (MSNF) required for a product to be called yogurt?

    <p>8.25 %</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following types of milk is defined by the FDA as having a similar appearance, taste, and function to milk but is nutritionally inferior?

    <p>Imitation milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which protein particles in milk regroup into larger, more porous particles?

    <p>Agglomeration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the coagulated or thickened part of milk?

    <p>Curd</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are live microbial food ingredients that have a beneficial effect on human health?

    <p>Probiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum percentage of fat required in whole yogurt?

    <p>3.25 %</p> Signup and view all the answers

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