FOOD week 6-1 Biochemistry and Physiology of Fruits and Vegetables

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Questions and Answers

Which country supplies most of the domestic demand for fruits and vegetables in Australia?

  • New Zealand
  • United States
  • Australia (correct)
  • China

What is the goal of the AUSVEG HIA strategy paper 2017?

  • To increase fruit and vegetable exports by 40% by 2020 (correct)
  • To develop a sustainable horticulture industry in Australia
  • To improve the quality of fruits and vegetables in Australia
  • To address the factors affecting the quality of fruits and vegetables

Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting the quality of fruits and vegetables?

  • Postharvest storage temperature
  • Consumer demand (correct)
  • Transportation packaging
  • Preharvest genetic factors

What is the Horticulture Sustainability Goal in relation to Australian-grown horticultural produce?

<p>To improve the quality of Australian-grown horticultural produce (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of understanding the processes affecting the quality and shelf life of fruits and vegetables?

<p>To manage and maintain the quality of fruits and vegetables (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of metabolic reactions require energy input from reduced nucleotides such as ATP and NADPH?

<p>Anabolic reactions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of reactions release energy as kinetic energy?

<p>Catabolic reactions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process traps energy into potential energy bound up in reduced sugars?

<p>Photosynthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of fruits and vegetables has a key role in texture and viscosity of products?

<p>Pectin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to pectin during ripening and softening processes?

<p>It breaks down into long chains (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which polysaccharide forms the framework of microfibrils in cell walls?

<p>Cellulose (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What proportion of the polysaccharides in fruits and vegetables is cellulose?

<p>1/3 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting the quality of fruits and vegetables?

<p>Type of soil (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Horticulture Sustainability Goal in relation to Australian-grown horticultural produce?

<p>To reduce post-harvest losses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is the major contributor to flavor in fruits and vegetables?

<p>Sucrose (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the plant stores starch in large quantities?

<p>Bulbs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does TSS stand for in the context of fruit maturity testing?

<p>Total Sugar Solids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main transport sugar around the plant?

<p>Sucrose (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of soluble solids in many fruits is water soluble?

<p>More than 40% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substrates can be degraded to release CO2, H2O, ATP, and heat through respiration?

<p>Sugars (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the absence of oxygen, which of the following substances can be produced during respiration?

<p>Ethanol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tissue has the highest respiration rate?

<p>Flower bud (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a developing organ with a high respiration rate?

<p>Immature fruit (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tissue has the lowest respiration rate?

<p>Storage organ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the respiration rate of perishable produce at different temperatures?

<p>Respiration rate increases as temperature rises (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does low oxygen have on the respiration rate of perishable produce?

<p>Low oxygen decreases respiration rate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does high carbon dioxide have on the respiration rate of perishable produce?

<p>High carbon dioxide decreases respiration rate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of controlled atmosphere (CA) storage for perishable produce?

<p>To decrease respiration rate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does mechanical damage have on the respiration rate of perishable produce?

<p>Mechanical damage increases respiration rate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for the characteristic rise in respiration rate during fruit ripening?

<p>Ethylene (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the increase in respiration rate and CO2 production during fruit ripening?

<p>Climacteric (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are fruits classified based on their response to ethylene?

<p>Climacteric or non-climacteric (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following fruits is classified as climacteric?

<p>Kiwi (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following fruits is classified as non-climacteric?

<p>Grape (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following fruits is classified as both climacteric and non-climacteric?

<p>Avocado (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following changes occur during the ripening process of fruits?

<p>Increase in color (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor that determines the shelf-life and storability of harvested fruits?

<p>Respiration rate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors affects the respiration rate of harvested fruits?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the respiration rate of a harvested product and its deterioration?

<p>Higher respiration rate leads to faster deterioration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of reducing the respiration rate of harvested fruits?

<p>To extend their shelf-life (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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