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What is the scientific name of the most common species of frog found in India?
What is the scientific name of the most common species of frog found in India?
Frogs are cold-blooded animals, also known as poikilotherms.
Frogs are cold-blooded animals, also known as poikilotherms.
True
What is the protective coloration of frogs called?
What is the protective coloration of frogs called?
Mimicry
The ______ of a frog is divisible into head and trunk.
The ______ of a frog is divisible into head and trunk.
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Frogs have a neck and tail.
Frogs have a neck and tail.
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What are the structures present on either side of the eyes of a frog that receive sound signals?
What are the structures present on either side of the eyes of a frog that receive sound signals?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic that helps distinguish male frogs from female frogs?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic that helps distinguish male frogs from female frogs?
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The digestive system of a frog is short due to its carnivorous diet.
The digestive system of a frog is short due to its carnivorous diet.
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What is the name of the first part of the intestine in a frog where partially digested food, called chyme, is passed?
What is the name of the first part of the intestine in a frog where partially digested food, called chyme, is passed?
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Digested food is absorbed by the many finger-like folds in the inner wall of the intestine called ______ and microvilli.
Digested food is absorbed by the many finger-like folds in the inner wall of the intestine called ______ and microvilli.
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Frogs can breathe only through their lungs.
Frogs can breathe only through their lungs.
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What is the name of the respiration that occurs through the lungs in frogs?
What is the name of the respiration that occurs through the lungs in frogs?
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The heart of a frog has four chambers.
The heart of a frog has four chambers.
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What is the name of the triangular structure that joins the right atrium of a frog's heart?
What is the name of the triangular structure that joins the right atrium of a frog's heart?
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The blood from the heart is carried to all parts of the body by the ______ (arterial system).
The blood from the heart is carried to all parts of the body by the ______ (arterial system).
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The veins in a frog's circulatory system carry oxygenated blood.
The veins in a frog's circulatory system carry oxygenated blood.
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What is the special venous connection between the liver and intestine in frogs called?
What is the special venous connection between the liver and intestine in frogs called?
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The special venous connection between the kidney and lower parts of the body in frogs is called the ______ system.
The special venous connection between the kidney and lower parts of the body in frogs is called the ______ system.
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The blood of a frog is composed of plasma and a variety of cells, including RBCs, WBCs, and platelets.
The blood of a frog is composed of plasma and a variety of cells, including RBCs, WBCs, and platelets.
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What is the pigment present in the RBCs of a frog that gives blood its red color?
What is the pigment present in the RBCs of a frog that gives blood its red color?
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The lymphatic system of frogs consists of lymph, lymph channels, and lymph nodes, which are similar to blood.
The lymphatic system of frogs consists of lymph, lymph channels, and lymph nodes, which are similar to blood.
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What is the primary function of the excretory system in frogs?
What is the primary function of the excretory system in frogs?
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Which of the following is NOT a component of the excretory system in frogs?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the excretory system in frogs?
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The kidneys of frogs are compact, bean-shaped structures located on either side of the vertebral column.
The kidneys of frogs are compact, bean-shaped structures located on either side of the vertebral column.
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What are the functional units of the kidneys in a frog called?
What are the functional units of the kidneys in a frog called?
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In female frogs, the ureters and oviduct open ______ into the cloaca.
In female frogs, the ureters and oviduct open ______ into the cloaca.
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Frogs excrete urea as their primary waste product.
Frogs excrete urea as their primary waste product.
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What is the name given to the system for control and coordination in frogs?
What is the name given to the system for control and coordination in frogs?
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Which of the following is NOT a prominent endocrine gland found in frogs?
Which of the following is NOT a prominent endocrine gland found in frogs?
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The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic branches.
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic branches.
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How many pairs of cranial nerves arise from the brain of a frog?
How many pairs of cranial nerves arise from the brain of a frog?
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The brain of a frog is enclosed in a bony structure called ______ (cranium).
The brain of a frog is enclosed in a bony structure called ______ (cranium).
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The midbrain of a frog is characterized by a pair of olfactory lobes.
The midbrain of a frog is characterized by a pair of olfactory lobes.
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What is the name of the opening through which the medulla oblongata passes out of the brain and continues into the spinal cord?
What is the name of the opening through which the medulla oblongata passes out of the brain and continues into the spinal cord?
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The sense organs in frogs include organs for touch, taste, smell, vision, and hearing.
The sense organs in frogs include organs for touch, taste, smell, vision, and hearing.
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In a frog, the sense of hearing is achieved by the ______ with internal ears.
In a frog, the sense of hearing is achieved by the ______ with internal ears.
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Which of the following is NOT a well-organized structure in a frog's sensory system?
Which of the following is NOT a well-organized structure in a frog's sensory system?
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The eyes of a frog are compound eyes, meaning they have multiple units.
The eyes of a frog are compound eyes, meaning they have multiple units.
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What is the name of the structure that is visible externally in a frog and functions as an organ of hearing and balancing?
What is the name of the structure that is visible externally in a frog and functions as an organ of hearing and balancing?
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The reproductive organs of frogs are located near the kidneys, but there is a functional connection between them.
The reproductive organs of frogs are located near the kidneys, but there is a functional connection between them.
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What is the name of the double fold of peritoneum that attaches the testes of a frog to the upper part of the kidneys?
What is the name of the double fold of peritoneum that attaches the testes of a frog to the upper part of the kidneys?
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The ______ in male frogs are 10-12 in number and arise from the testes, ultimately opening into Bidder's canal.
The ______ in male frogs are 10-12 in number and arise from the testes, ultimately opening into Bidder's canal.
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The cloaca in frogs is a chamber used for the passage of only faecal matter.
The cloaca in frogs is a chamber used for the passage of only faecal matter.
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Fertilization in frogs is internal, taking place within the female's body.
Fertilization in frogs is internal, taking place within the female's body.
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What is the larval stage in the development of a frog called?
What is the larval stage in the development of a frog called?
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A tadpole undergoes ______ to transform into an adult frog.
A tadpole undergoes ______ to transform into an adult frog.
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Frogs are considered beneficial to humans because they eat insects and help maintain ecological balance.
Frogs are considered beneficial to humans because they eat insects and help maintain ecological balance.
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Which of the following is NOT a reason why frogs are considered beneficial to mankind?
Which of the following is NOT a reason why frogs are considered beneficial to mankind?
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Study Notes
Frogs - Structural Organisation
- Frogs are amphibians, living both on land and in freshwater
- The most common frog species found in India is Rana tigrina
- They belong to the class Amphibia within the phylum Chordata
- Frogs are cold-blooded or poikilothermic, meaning their body temperature changes with the environment
- Frogs change colour to camouflage, hiding from predators, using a type of mimicry
- They shelter in burrows during peak summer and winter, experiencing aestivation (summer sleep) and hibernation (winter sleep)
Frog Morphology
- Skin: Smooth, slippery, and kept moist due to mucus. Dorsal side is generally olive green with dark spots; ventral side is pale yellow.
- Body: Divided into head and trunk. No neck or tail.
- Nostrils: Present above the mouth.
- Eyes: Bulged and protected by a nictitating membrane
- Frogs absorb water through their skin, not by drinking
Frog Locomotion & Limbs
- Forelimbs and Hindlimbs: Help with swimming, walking, leaping, and burrowing
- Hindlimbs: Larger and more muscular than forelimbs, ending in five digits; each foot has webbed digits for swimming
- Hindlimbs: Larger and stronger than forelimbs, aiding in jumping & swimming
Frog Anatomy
- Body Cavity: Contains diverse organ systems (digestive, circulatory, respiratory, nervous, excretory, and reproductive); well-developed structures and functions.
- Digestive System: Short alimentary canal (due to predominantly carnivorous diet); short intestines, mouth leads into buccal cavity and then oesophagus.
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Digestive System Details:
- Oesophagus: Short tube leading to the stomach.
- Stomach: Continues into intestine, then rectum, and exits via cloaca.
- Liver: Secretes bile, stored in the gall bladder
- Pancreas: Produces pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes.
- Food is captured by the bilobed tongue.
- Enzymatic digestion occurs in the stomach, and partially digested food is called chyme
- Chyme moves into the duodenum
- Digested food is absorbed through the intestinal villi and microvilli.
- Undigested waste passes out through the cloaca.
Frog Respiration
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Respiration Methods:
- In water: Skin (cutaneous respiration) absorbs dissolved oxygen via diffusion.
- On land: Buccal cavity, skin, and lungs work together
- Lungs: Sac-like structures within the thorax (chest).
- During aestivation & hibernation, gaseous exchange occurs through the skin.
- Pulmonary respiration: Respiration using lungs.
Frog Circulatory System
- Blood vascular system: Well-developed closed type involving heart, blood vessels, and blood.
- Heart: Three-chambered muscular structure (two atria and one ventricle). It is situated in the upper part of the body cavity, and is covered by a pericardium.
- Sinus venosus: Triangular structure joining the right atrium, receiving blood from major veins (vena cava)
- Conus arteriosus: Structure from the ventricle, leading to vessels carrying blood from the heart to parts of the body.
- The blood is carried to all parts of the body through arteries (arterial system).
Frog Blood
- Blood composition from plasma and cells (RBCs - erythrocytes, WBCs - leukocytes, platelets)
- Red blood cells (RBCs) contain hemoglobin, which carries oxygen.
- Blood circulates through the heart, aided by blood pressure and the muscular action of the heart.
- Hepatic portal system connects the liver to the intestine
- Renal portal system connects the kidneys to the lower body parts.
Frog Excretory System
- Nitrogenous wastes: Eliminated by a well-developed excretory system.
- Structure: pair of kidneys, the ureters, the cloaca, and an urinary bladder.
- Kidneys Compact, bean-shaped organs located on sides of the vertebral column. They contain many functional units called nephrons
- Ureters: Urine, carried in ureters, is channelled from kidneys to the cloaca
- Cloaca A common chamber for excretory, digestive, and reproductive functions and the urine is excreted
Frog Nervous Coordination
- Neural system: Divided into central, peripheral, and autonomic components.
- Central nervous system (CNS): Brain and spinal cord.
- Peripheral nervous system (PNS): Cranial and spinal nerves.
- Autonomic nervous system (ANS): Sympathetic and parasympathetic.
- Brain: Enclosed in a cranium (brain box); divided into forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain
- Forebrain: olfactory lobes, paired cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon
- Midbrain: optic lobes
- Hindbrain: cerebellum, medulla oblongata, is linked to the spinal cord through the foramen magnum.
- Cranial nerves emerge from the brain.
Frog Sense Organs
- Frogs have different types of sense organs: touch (sensory papillae), taste (taste buds), smell (nasal epithelium), vision (eyes), and hearing (tympanum, internal ears)
- Eyes; spherical structure in the orbit of the skull
- Tympanum: Important hearing organ
- Internal ears; well-organised structures
- Other sense organs are cellular aggregations around nerve endings
Frog Reproductive System
- Male: A pair of yellowish ovoid testes; attached to kidneys by a fold of peritoneum (mesorchium), Vasa efferentia, which lead to kidneys & Bidder's canal, & urino-genital duct opening into the cloaca
- Female: A pair of ovaries; near kidneys; oviducts leading to the cloaca
- Fertilization is external in water
- Development occurs through a larval stage (tadpole) undergoing metamorphosis to become an adult
Frog Ecological importance
- They help maintain ecological balance, consuming insects and thus protecting crops
- They are part of food chains and food webs
- They are consumed as a food source in certain countries
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Description
Explore the fascinating world of frogs, focusing on their structural organization and unique morphological features. This quiz covers various aspects such as their classification, skin characteristics, and locomotion. Discover how these amphibians adapt to their environments and survive in various conditions.
