Freud's Psycho-Sexual Development

• Sexuality develops throughout life, following a pattern connected to different life stages

Freud's Psycho-Sexual Development

• Freud named the development process of the sexual instinct as "psychosexual development"
• Libido is linked to development processes as a sexual instinct
• Id, ego, and superego are layers of the human mind functioning on different planes
• Id is the source of pleasure-based desires and basic energy
• The id is the basic and most primitive self, deriving satisfaction from sexuality and hunger
• The ego reconciles the id's desires with reality, employing defense mechanisms
• The ego balances the id and the superego
• The ego provides personal security and manages the id's requests
• Memory is linked to reality testing, defense, information synthesis, and intelligence via the ego
• The superego represents internalized ideals and cultural mores
• The superego is in conflict with the id's needs and is aggressive towards it
• According to Freud, personality foundations are set in early life and are challenging to alter
• Parents should guide children through each psychosexual developmental stage

Stages of Psychosexual Development

• Freud divided psychosexual development into five stages
• The stages are influenced by the id's search for satisfaction, and each stage builds upon the last
• The stages should not be separated but should co-develop as one impacts the other
• The oral stage occurs from 0-1.5 years
• The anal stage occurs from 1.5-3 years
• The phallic stage occurs from 3-6 years
• The latent stage occurs from 6-11 years
• The genital stage occurs from 12-18 years

Oral Period (0-1.5 years)

• Developments such as eating, speaking, and toilet training occur
• Babies connect with the external world primarily through their mouths
• A satisfied baby develops trust
• Babies with trusting relationships form similar relationships later in life
• The oral stage satisfies the libido through oral activities
• Satisfaction comes from the mouth, lips, and tongue, later involving teeth and jaw
• During this stage, all needs and desires are focused on the mouth area, which is the focal point of arousal
• Babies first experience sexual stimulation while bathing and during diaper changes
• The pressure and movement of the diaper create pleasurable sensations on the genital area
• As babies gain better motor control, they touch their genitals for the pleasurable sensation
• Baby boys are more prone to touch their genitals
• Most babies find it difficult to touch their genitals due to being hidden
• Parental uncomfortability with a child touching their genitals can be harmful
• In reality, Baby's touching their genitals is a normal behavior

Anal Period (1.5-3 years)

• Libido satisfaction shifts from oral and feeding activities to bowel movements
• Babies exhibit voluntary sphincter control
• the anus becomes the focus of arousal
• The anal stage involves separation from dependence and gaining independence
• Children gain the ability to make voluntary movements
• Children experience pleasure in controlling opposing voluntary movements
• Children find pleasure in holding or releasing their feces
• Determining whether to defecate is enjoyable
• Children gain attention for controlling bowel movements, attracting rewards
• Children become aware of societal values like good, bad, right, wrong, and shame
• Punishment won't stop children from trying again
• Children try again to do the things they receive punishment
• It is critical is prevent children from feeling guilt and shame
• the characteristics of sex should be a free exploration from a young age
• Completing the anal stage supports personal autonomy, independence, and entrepreneurship without guilt
• Rigid parenting styles during toilet training could result in the child developing self-contempt and stubbornness

Phallic (Oedipal) Period (3-6 years)

• Children realize their identity in relation to the outside world at this stage
• Children recognize different genders and seek to understand these differences
• Children learn about the body
• Children experience positive emotion based around their body at this stage
• The genitals are the pleasure zone and also the focus of arousal at this stage
• Talking about genitals like any other body part makes children more comfortable
• Use the correct word for all body part is important
• Several important thoughts dominate this stage, such as feeling constantly observed, equating thought with action, expecting punishment for misdeeds and the understanding of right and wrong
• Children develop a sexual attraction to the opposite-sex parent
• Sexual preferences start with the same sex parent and change and mirror the opposite sex parent as the child attempts to appeal to the opposite sex parent
• By resembling the mother, the girl aims at winning her father and the boy the opposite as he attempts to resemble his father
• Excessive pressure at this stage can bring about oedipal/electra complexes
• Boys can love their father while simultaneously racing with him for the affection of the mother
• Boys view the penis in terms of pleasure and view it as the body itself
• Children may unconsciously fantasize about one of their parents
• Complexes involve stress and depression which are resolved though addressing them

Oedipus Complex

• A boy feels special love for his mother and vies with his father, whom he loves and hates
• Boys may admire their father, but compete with him
• It is a conflict of balance at this stage
• In this period, the boy's penis becomes important for pleasure and develops self-sense
• The penis is equivalent to the whole body
• If the oedipus complex isn't resolved in a healthy way, especially before the age of 6, then their desires are repressed till adolescences
• Unresolved impulses manifest as masturbation practices towards their mother
• The 1st condition to resolve this is parent's should show the child love
• A child who can acknowledge the love between their parents will often out of respect break the bond with their mother and vice versa
• The 2nd condition is that fathers should value this their sons
• There should be healthy communication the boy at a level they understand and a strong relationship
• The 3rd condition is when the child finds a new partner to bond with
• The 4th condition is when the parents allow their children to detach from them
• The 5th condition is when when the parents do not devalue sex

Electra Complex

• The girl admires her father and shows jealousy toward her mother
• Intensified sexual and aggressive impulses exist
• The basic security experienced with the mother must be maintained
• The girl has to both identify with and distance herself from her mother
• For resolution, it need to be fulfilled as 5 important conditions: parent's should love each other; the mother caring, spending quality time, and maintaining a clear communication the the daughter
• There should be relationship between all bodies/beings and feelings which creates respect and space
• The 3rd condition is the presence of new, non-dangerous adults
• With opportunity the daughter can find new partners and find someone to bond with over gaming
• The 4th condition is parents need to allow their children to detach from them
• the 5th condition is to not devalue or put down their own gender

Impact of Unresolved complex

• These things can trigger feelings to which the complex reacts
• If complexes don't get resolved it is very impactful
• Effects
  • Potential erectile dysfunction including premature ejaculation
  • Sexual aversion
  • Dyspareunia may occur
  • Anxiety can come along while also effecting social interactions

Latent Period, (6-11 years)

• Sexual drives are dormant or silent
• Sexual identity and sexual roles combine
• Control of instinctive impulses and sexual silence enable abilities to develop
• Pleasure derives from intellectual and social pursuits
• First platonic love attempts are pursued
• Admiring the opposite sex continues

Genital Period (12-18 years)

• Sexual urges reappear
• Hidden instincts are revealed
• The genitals becomes the focus of arousal again
• Adolescence is a major period to go though to develop physical and emotional maturity
• Body image and hormonal imbalances comes

Early Adolescence (11 -15)

• Physical/psychosocial changes can be observed
• there can be feelings of confusion, anxiety, and lack of self-esteem

Middle Adolescence (14-17)

• Physical changes are coming to finish
• there is a personality/autonomy in a character at this time
• Acceptance will replace confusion and fear
• Behavioral changes and interest in sex start
• Risky experimentation behaviour can occur

Late Adolescence (16-20's)

• This is one starts planning to head into the future with strong characteristics
• There is an acceptance in physical change
• the person has often established self identity and abstract thought

Adulthood – Female Sexuality

• A woman's social standing and responsibilities shift during adulthood
• Changes occur in a woman's life when regular partner relationships are established
• Women become sexually active while their lives stabilize at this time
• First sexual experiences usually happen after getting married
• Knowing herself more sexually gives a woman more pleasure
• Healthy exposure to sex will increase the sexual pleasure you get
• When a woman has a positive perception of herself in sex it improves
• A woman's sexual life can involve life of marriage or during pregnancy
• A woman can see if she has infertility and can see her sexual life at this stage

Pregnancy and Sexual Life

• Sexual life can continue depending on the circumstance
• It is spoken about more when having a problem
• Intimacy and hugging can support an act
• Sexual intercourse may cause harm, and lead to miscarriage
• Sexual intercourse should often avoid to perform at the first trimester for safety
• If having a risky pregnancy it is better restricted
• There is some requirements to follow to do sexual activities while pregnant
• The parent is aware of the needs to maintain the body

Puerperium and Sexuality

• The life from birth to postpartum can apply prejudices from the mother and pregnancy
• There should be adaption and should try to avoid the pressure
• People may get tired and have a focus on the baby

Affect of Infertility on Sexuality

• Infertility can affect more of the relationship sexually and marital, etc
• This is very significant due to having something from the sexual contact and function
• People need support to not be pressured into these things
• Infertility could end up leading to depression
• Having high guilt and being not sexually secure in their lives over something that is a hope or a chance that happens
• Not know what to do and getting all these questions
• Couples feel like they are performing to have children

Male Sexuality

• Some common problems
  • Testicles
  • Having infection

Menopause

• Menopause is when woman stops having cycles.
• If there is no cycle in a year it's considered a menopause
• Menopause is formed to Greek work meaning men’s the month and how a man’s pauses
• There is premenopause where is before starting the phase, Perimenopause where there at in between and lastly postmenopause where is the phase of passing one year after they cycle
• At this time is the early symptoms, late symptoms, the mental as well psychological problems that can occur
• There are hormonal balances and needs for other treatments at this time
• Hormones that are effecting to not get the good function or have sexual activity from that time
• Due some times of not having feelings one might find other parts of the body to increase pleasure
• Communication with body and partner are import
• It is crucial to show the one what is happening to them
• It must be made to show and be seen the pleasant

Climax

• When coming into the aging part there are problems that are a symptom by loss of hormones
• Vaginal dryness, atory, lack of feels these issues and sexual desires are lower
• Estrogen helps a hormone part for the body which having not that can cause issues
• People who are having problems they make have to see a urogynecologist

Male Aging and Sexuality

• Causes for not having ability to hold sex
  • No having a partner
  • Having health problems
  • Not having a sexual desire
  • Hormones that are not on levels
• Physiological sexual function are the normal from non-pathological ways that makes changes in mechanisms for hormone imbalances
• The level decreases are due to what testone ones own
• The time requirement is for someone to perform is high
• Hormonal changes and levels are very key in this state and time
• All the parts there is treatment with it can lead to better ways and also the use it.