Freud's Assumptions and Cultural Context

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Which of Freud's main assumptions about people is related to the social and cultural issues of his time?

People are primarily driven by conscious decisions.
Human behavior is influenced by unconscious motives. (correct)
Everyone is inherently rational and logical.
Culture has no impact on individual psychology.

Which of the following statements correctly describe Freud's topographical model of the mind?

It divides the mind into the conscious, preconscious, and unconscious. (correct)
It focuses on the structure of the id, ego, and superego. (correct)
It highlights the importance of childhood experiences.
It suggests that the mind is a layered structure of different mental processes.

What are the specific conflicts between the individual and external reality that are embodied in each of the psychosexual stages?

Oral stage: dependence vs. independence (correct)
Anal stage: control vs. chaos (correct)
Phallic stage: gender identity vs. societal norms (correct)
Latency stage: social relationships vs. personal development (correct)

Which type of anxiety is most commonly associated with the use of defense mechanisms?

Neurotic Anxiety (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following defense mechanisms is described correctly? (Select all that apply)

Projection: Attributing one's own unacceptable thoughts to others. (A), Displacement: Redirecting emotions to a safer outlet. (C), Sublimation: Transforming unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable actions. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of slips of the tongue and dreams as evidence of the unconscious mind?

They reveal hidden desires and conflicts within the unconscious. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the main techniques used in psychoanalytic therapy for assessing personality?

Projective techniques and free association (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements align with the assumptions of Freud's psychoanalytic perspective and the psychodynamic approach?

Unconscious phenomena are crucial to understanding personality. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following regions are part of Freud's topographical model of the mind?

Conscious (A), Preconscious (B), Unconscious (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements correctly describe the id and ego according to Freud's theory?

The ego develops in response to the demands of the external world. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements correctly describe the role of the ego in Freud's theory?

The ego balances the demands of the id with the constraints of reality. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the two parts of the superego according to Freud?

Ego ideal and Conscience (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about Freud's concepts of instincts is true?

Apoptosis is a form of evidence for a death instinct in cell biology. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of anxiety according to Freud?

Reality anxiety, neurotic anxiety, moral anxiety (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following defense mechanisms is described as shifting an impulse from one target to another, usually a safer one?

Displacement (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to Freud's theory of psychosexual development, which stage focuses on the mouth and involves the crisis of being weaned?

Oral stage (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately reflects Freud's view on the unconscious?

Parapraxes can indicate unconscious desires. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the relationship between the preconscious and consciousness?

Material in the preconscious can enter consciousness without restriction. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are common experiences that people in psychoanalytic therapy might exhibit?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is Sigmund Freud best known for in psychology?

Formulating the concept of the unconscious mind (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are some ways that Freud believed the unconscious reveals itself in daily life?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes Freud's topographical model of the mind?

It includes the conscious, the preconscious, and the unconscious. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly identifies the three facets of personality according to Freud's structural model?

Id, Ego, Superego (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are considered defence mechanisms according to Freud? (Select all that apply)

Repression (A), Projection (C), Sublimation (D) Signup and view all the answers

A central theme underlying psychoanalysis (and which gives rise to the name 'psychodynamic theory') is that personality:

is a set of processes always in motion. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What components are included in Freud's topographical model of the mind?

Conscious, preconscious, and unconscious (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of the defence mechanism of displacement?

A person who fails an exam yells at a roommate upon arriving at home. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Ego follows the pleasure principle.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Parapraxes are:

slips of the tongue. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement reflects the debate about Freud's role in the creation of psychoanalysis?

Freud claimed sole ownership of psychoanalysis but was influenced by the ideas of others. (B), The ideas of psychoanalysis were developed through collaboration among several theorists. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following themes are central to Freud's psychodynamic view of personality? (Select all that apply)

Defense mechanisms (A), Conflict within the personality (C), Human behavior as symbolic (D) Signup and view all the answers

What are the three regions of the mind according to Freud's topographical model?

Conscious, Preconscious, Unconscious (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the three aspects of Freud's structural model of personality?

The ego acts as a mediator between the id and superego. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What principle does the id operate on according to Freud?

Pleasure principle (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the ego in Freud's theory?

It mediates between the id's impulses and the constraints of the external world. (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to Freud, what is the main function of the superego?

To embody parental and societal values (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'ego strength' refer to in the context of psychoanalysis?

The ego's ability to manage competing pressures effectively (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly identifies Freud's concepts of life instincts and death instincts?

Life instincts promote survival and reproduction, while death instincts lead to aggression and self-destructive behavior. (A) Signup and view all the answers

According to Bruno Bettelheim, what aspect of Freud's original German writing is often lost in translation?

The emotional qualities associated with his terminology (A) Signup and view all the answers

According to Freud, which of the following best describes the concept of Eros?

A set of drives related to survival, reproduction, and pleasure (B) Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the catharsis hypothesis regarding aggression?

Aggression may reduce tension and lead to less aggression in the future. (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to Freud, what is reality anxiety primarily rooted in?

Danger in the world around us (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary fear associated with neurotic anxiety according to Freud?

Fear of punishment for id impulses (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of moral anxiety?

Internal conscience (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are the two primary ways the ego responds when anxiety arises?

Increases problem-oriented coping efforts and engages in defense mechanisms (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of defense according to Sigmund Freud?

Repression (A) Signup and view all the answers

What unexpected effect may occur when trying to suppress a thought, according to Dan Wegner's research?

The thought may become more likely to occur later. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential source of threat that can lead to repression according to Freud's theory?

Personal deficiencies perceived as failings (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following examples illustrate the defense mechanism of denial?

A mother refuses to believe her son has died in combat. (A), A child ignored by parents behaves as if nothing is wrong. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between repression and denial according to the text?

Repression originates within the mind, while denial stems from external sources. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of projection in psychology?

To express true feelings without recognizing them as one's own (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in Freud's defense mechanism of repression?

Removing threatening material to the unconscious (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the concepts of rationalization and intellectualization in defense mechanisms?

Rationalization involves finding excuses for behavior, whereas intellectualization is responding to threats in a detached manner. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about displacement and sublimation is true?

Sublimation transforms unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable activities. (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to the research by Halpern (1977), how do sexually defensive individuals respond to viewing erotic photos compared to those who are not defensive?

They rate others as more lustful after seeing erotic photos. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes Freud's psychosexual stages of personality development?

Each psychosexual stage is associated with a specific erogenous zone. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the possible traits that can develop during the oral incorporative phase according to Freud?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What traits may develop in infants during the oral incorporative phase if they experience a benign environment?

Optimism and trust (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the big event during the anal stage of development?

Toilet training (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the two typical orientations in toilet training according to Freud?

Praise for success and punishment for failure (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for boys' desire to possess their mothers and replace their fathers during the phallic stage?

Oedipus complex (C) Signup and view all the answers

What effect does castration anxiety have on a boy's relationship with his parents in Freud's theory?

It leads to the repression of his desire for his mother and identification with his father. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What term does Freud use to describe the feelings girls experience related to their lack of a penis?

Penis Envy (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is one key contribution of Freud regarding the Oedipus complex, particularly in relation to women's development during the phallic stage?

It identifies how unresolved Oedipal conflicts can affect later interpersonal relationships. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following personal experiences of Sigmund Freud are believed to have influenced his theories? (Select all that apply)

His ambivalent feelings toward his father (A), His close and idealized relationship with his mother (B), The impact of World War I and the death of millions (C) Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during the latency period in Freud's stages of development?

Relative calm with diminished sexual and aggressive drives (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the hallmark of the genital stage according to Freud?

The ability to share mutual sexual gratification with others (B) Signup and view all the answers

How do parapraxes and dreams reveal the content of a person's unconscious according to Freud?

They serve as indirect expressions of repressed urges and feelings. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is Freud's view on the significance of mistakes, slips of the tongue, and accidents in everyday life?

They reveal unconscious desires and impulses. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the two kinds of content in dreams according to Freud?

Manifest content and latent content (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which projective technique is best known for its use of inkblots to assess unconscious processes?

Rorschach inkblot test (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Rorschach test as described in the context?

To generate insights into a person's unconscious mind (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to Freud's psychoanalytic perspective, where does he believe the secrets to a person's difficulties in life are found?

In the unconscious mind (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the main origins of psychological problems according to Freud?

Childhood experiences (A), Repression of basic drives (C), Buried trauma (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does Freud's method of free association primarily aim to achieve?

To reveal unconscious conflicts and repressed urges (A) Signup and view all the answers

What health benefits have been associated with the disclosure of suppressed thoughts and feelings according to Pennebaker's research?

Improved immune system functioning (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of psychoanalytic therapy?

To uncover repressed memories and conflicts (C) Signup and view all the answers

How do psychoanalysts typically define success in psychoanalytic therapy?

By the insight gained into conflicts and dynamics (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is one major criticism of psychoanalytic theory?

Its concepts are often ambiguously defined. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are the three facets of personality according to Freud's structural model?

Id, Ego, Superego (A) Signup and view all the answers

Consciousness

This level of the mind holds information that is easily accessible and in our current awareness.

Preconscious

This level of the mind is just below the surface of awareness. It is not conscious right now but can be brought into awareness easily.

Unconscious

This level of the mind is completely inaccessible to awareness, but it influences our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.