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Questions and Answers
For a lead-lag network, at fo: R = Xc o - 45 phase shift across Z1 + 45o phase shift across Z2, the total phase shift across the lead-lag network is ______
For a lead-lag network, at fo: R = Xc o - 45 phase shift across Z1 + 45o phase shift across Z2, the total phase shift across the lead-lag network is ______
90 degrees
At f < fo, phase shift across the network ______
At f < fo, phase shift across the network ______
leads
At f > fo, phase shift across the network ______
At f > fo, phase shift across the network ______
lags
At extremely low frequency, no output since C1 acts as an ______
At extremely low frequency, no output since C1 acts as an ______
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At extremely high frequency, no output since C2 acts as a ______
At extremely high frequency, no output since C2 acts as a ______
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The lead-lag network is ______ selective
The lead-lag network is ______ selective
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The actual capacitance formed between the electrodes of the crystal is equivalent to the mechanical compliance of the crystal, also called ______ or elasticity
The actual capacitance formed between the electrodes of the crystal is equivalent to the mechanical compliance of the crystal, also called ______ or elasticity
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The mass of the crystal in vibration R is related to mechanical friction loss and affects the ______ of the crystal
The mass of the crystal in vibration R is related to mechanical friction loss and affects the ______ of the crystal
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The series resonant frequency is the frequency at which a crystal exhibits maximum ______
The series resonant frequency is the frequency at which a crystal exhibits maximum ______
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The parallel resonant frequency refers to the frequency at which the crystal behaves like a high ______
The parallel resonant frequency refers to the frequency at which the crystal behaves like a high ______
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The discrete Pierce Oscillator has an operating frequency range from 1 kHz to 30 MHz and is known for having ______ components and high output signal power
The discrete Pierce Oscillator has an operating frequency range from 1 kHz to 30 MHz and is known for having ______ components and high output signal power
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Varactor diode is a specially constructed diode whose internal capacitance is enhanced when reversed biased, and by varying the reverse-bias voltage, the capacitance of the diode can be ______
Varactor diode is a specially constructed diode whose internal capacitance is enhanced when reversed biased, and by varying the reverse-bias voltage, the capacitance of the diode can be ______
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IC Waveform Generation consists of 4 basic sections: Oscillator, Waveshaper, Optional AM modulator, and Output buffer ______
IC Waveform Generation consists of 4 basic sections: Oscillator, Waveshaper, Optional AM modulator, and Output buffer ______
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Monolithic function generators can produce sine, square, triangle, ramp, and ______ waveforms
Monolithic function generators can produce sine, square, triangle, ramp, and ______ waveforms
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Monolithic voltage-controlled oscillators provide ______ frequency
Monolithic voltage-controlled oscillators provide ______ frequency
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Monolithic precision oscillators offer excellent temperature stability and wide linear sweep ______
Monolithic precision oscillators offer excellent temperature stability and wide linear sweep ______
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Phase Locked Loops (PLL) is a closed-loop feedback control system that considers phase and frequency instead of ______
Phase Locked Loops (PLL) is a closed-loop feedback control system that considers phase and frequency instead of ______
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PLL can be used for modulation/demodulation, signal processing, carrier and clock recovery, frequency generation, and frequency ______
PLL can be used for modulation/demodulation, signal processing, carrier and clock recovery, frequency generation, and frequency ______
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Frequency stability is affected by component aging, temperature, and humidity, and is measured in terms of percentage of change in frequency from the desired value. It is usually solved using crystal oscillators instead of LC tank. Crystal oscillators are commonly used in __________.
Frequency stability is affected by component aging, temperature, and humidity, and is measured in terms of percentage of change in frequency from the desired value. It is usually solved using crystal oscillators instead of LC tank. Crystal oscillators are commonly used in __________.
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Crystallography is the study of the form, structure, properties, and classification of crystals. It deals with lattice, bonding, and behavior of slices of crystal material. Piezoelectric Effect occurs when oscillating mechanical stresses applied across a crystal lattice structure generate electrical oscillation and vice versa. The types of stress that can induce this effect are compression, tension, torsion, and __________.
Crystallography is the study of the form, structure, properties, and classification of crystals. It deals with lattice, bonding, and behavior of slices of crystal material. Piezoelectric Effect occurs when oscillating mechanical stresses applied across a crystal lattice structure generate electrical oscillation and vice versa. The types of stress that can induce this effect are compression, tension, torsion, and __________.
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When AC voltage at its natural to is applied, mechanical oscillation occurs, exciting a crystal into mechanical vibrations. This phenomenon is known as __________ Effect.
When AC voltage at its natural to is applied, mechanical oscillation occurs, exciting a crystal into mechanical vibrations. This phenomenon is known as __________ Effect.
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BAW stands for Bulk Acoustic Waves, where mechanical vibrations are directly proportional to the amplitude of the voltage applied. BAW is an example of utilizing crystals for __________.
BAW stands for Bulk Acoustic Waves, where mechanical vibrations are directly proportional to the amplitude of the voltage applied. BAW is an example of utilizing crystals for __________.
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Examples of crystals known for their piezoelectric effects include quartz, Rochelle salt (mostly used in microphone), and __________.
Examples of crystals known for their piezoelectric effects include quartz, Rochelle salt (mostly used in microphone), and __________.
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Factors affecting frequency stability include changes in L, C, and R due to temperature and humidity, changes in Q of transistors and FET, and AC ripple in dc power supplies. To improve frequency stability, it is recommended to use __________ instead of LC tank.
Factors affecting frequency stability include changes in L, C, and R due to temperature and humidity, changes in Q of transistors and FET, and AC ripple in dc power supplies. To improve frequency stability, it is recommended to use __________ instead of LC tank.
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At very low frequencies, capacitors and other components behave in very straightforward ways. A capacitor is considered an open circuit to DC voltages and a short circuit for AC at ______ frequencies
At very low frequencies, capacitors and other components behave in very straightforward ways. A capacitor is considered an open circuit to DC voltages and a short circuit for AC at ______ frequencies
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As frequencies become higher, component interaction becomes more critical both directly and as 'stray' reactances, inductances, and capacitances. Effect of Frequency on Device Characteristics: All electronic devices have capacitances and inductances. As frequency increases, so does inductive ______
As frequencies become higher, component interaction becomes more critical both directly and as 'stray' reactances, inductances, and capacitances. Effect of Frequency on Device Characteristics: All electronic devices have capacitances and inductances. As frequency increases, so does inductive ______
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As frequency increases, capacitive reactance ______. At some point, the two reactances will be equal and the circuit will self-resonate. Lumped & Distributed Constants: At low frequencies, the capacitances and inductances found between the traces on a printed circuit board are ______
As frequency increases, capacitive reactance ______. At some point, the two reactances will be equal and the circuit will self-resonate. Lumped & Distributed Constants: At low frequencies, the capacitances and inductances found between the traces on a printed circuit board are ______
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As frequency increases, the stray capacitances and inductances are considered as distributed along the length of the pc board. They are said to be distributed ______
As frequency increases, the stray capacitances and inductances are considered as distributed along the length of the pc board. They are said to be distributed ______
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Circuits are designed to reduce the 'stray' capacitances and inductances resulting from the wiring and circuit board. Traces and wires are kept short and well separated. Conductors and inductors in close proximity are kept at right ______
Circuits are designed to reduce the 'stray' capacitances and inductances resulting from the wiring and circuit board. Traces and wires are kept short and well separated. Conductors and inductors in close proximity are kept at right ______
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RF amplifiers differ from audio amplifiers in that wide bandwidth may or may not be required. Linearity of the output may or may not be required. Efficiency can be improved through the use of Class ______ amplifiers
RF amplifiers differ from audio amplifiers in that wide bandwidth may or may not be required. Linearity of the output may or may not be required. Efficiency can be improved through the use of Class ______ amplifiers
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Many RF amplifiers are required to operate only within a narrow range of frequencies. Filters are used to reduce the bandwidth. The tuned amplifier is set according to the formula: Miller ______
Many RF amplifiers are required to operate only within a narrow range of frequencies. Filters are used to reduce the bandwidth. The tuned amplifier is set according to the formula: Miller ______
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Inter-electrode capacitance and inductance is a problem in RF circuits. This problem is especially severe for the collector-base capacitance in a common-emitter amplifier. The multiplication of the effect of capacitance in this configuration is called the Miller ______
Inter-electrode capacitance and inductance is a problem in RF circuits. This problem is especially severe for the collector-base capacitance in a common-emitter amplifier. The multiplication of the effect of capacitance in this configuration is called the Miller ______
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One solution to the Miller Effect is to use a common-base amplifier configuration. Wideband Amplifiers: Baseband parts of RF systems may make use of wideband amplifiers. Wideband amplifiers typically use transformer ______
One solution to the Miller Effect is to use a common-base amplifier configuration. Wideband Amplifiers: Baseband parts of RF systems may make use of wideband amplifiers. Wideband amplifiers typically use transformer ______
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Single-ended audio amps are operated in Class A where the device conducts for 360°. Push-pull amps can be a Class B if one of the two devices is conducting at all times. Most audio power amps operate in Class AB - a compromise between Class A and Class ______
Single-ended audio amps are operated in Class A where the device conducts for 360°. Push-pull amps can be a Class B if one of the two devices is conducting at all times. Most audio power amps operate in Class AB - a compromise between Class A and Class ______
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A simple Class B amplifier is shown at the right. It uses transformer coupling. Both transistors are biased near ______
A simple Class B amplifier is shown at the right. It uses transformer coupling. Both transistors are biased near ______
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Class C amplifiers conduct for less than 180° of the input cycle. Class C amplifiers can be single-ended or push-pull. Class C amplifiers are very efficient in RF applications but inherently induce severe ______
Class C amplifiers conduct for less than 180° of the input cycle. Class C amplifiers can be single-ended or push-pull. Class C amplifiers are very efficient in RF applications but inherently induce severe ______
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