French Revolution Overview

<p>The Third Estate bore the burden of the taille (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They held significant positions in government, the military, and the church. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The American Revolution demonstrated a successful revolt against a monarchy was possible. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The system of privileges and exemptions held by the First and Second Estates. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The formation of a new social order emphasizing individual rights and loyalty to the nation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The overwhelming distrust of the king by the Convention members. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Without breeches (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dominated by lawyers, professionals, and property owners. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The formation of an anti-French coalition of European powers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To suppress counter-revolutionaries and solidify the republic. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It was a more humane method to execute prisoners. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Third Estate. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A democratic society of patriotic citizens. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To set themselves apart from the nobles who wore breeches. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To stabilize the economy during the revolution and war. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Girondins feared the radical mobs of Paris, while the Mountain represented radicals in Paris. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They demonstrated their willingness to defend the republic. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Establishment of revolutionary courts. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To address domestic threats and foreign invasion. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They advocated for the most radical changes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The requirement to pay fees to use the lord's mill and press. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Urban craftspeople and workers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To better their own lives and gain more political power. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Resentment towards a system based on privilege and an old social order. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They provided ideas that were often quoted by the revolution’s leaders. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bad harvests leading to food shortages and rising consumer prices. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The extravagance of the king and queen fueled popular resentment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>France's complete and total financial collapse. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>For each deputy to have one vote instead of each estate having one. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To promise not to leave office until a constitution was written. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It marked the beginning of the French revolution by demonstrating the collapse of royal control in Paris. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It caused widespread panic and peasant rebellions as many feared reprisal from the monarchy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The abolition of Taille, and that the clergy and nobles pay it too. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Approximately 6,500. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Landowners. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Christianity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It was meant to show the people's rejection of Catholic religious influence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It introduced ten-day weeks with one rest day (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To defend France against both domestic and foreign threats (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It was created by a people’s government rather than by rulers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He was arrested and then executed (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The National Convention weakened. Churches were allowed to reopen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It created a system where only property owners had the right to vote. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They made fortunes from government contracts and loans (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Its dependence on the military and ultimately its overthrow by a military leader (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A sudden overthrow of the government (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Form a regime like Robespierre's (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A decrease in the importance of a central government, and an increase in personal freedom (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eliminated Sundays. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weakened the Committee of Public Safety (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Advocating for individual freedom and limited government intervention. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liberalism promotes individual rights, while nationalism focuses on collective identity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Preserving traditional social and political structures. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Hungarians' desire for self-governance independent from Austrian rule. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It promoted the idea that each nation should have self-determination. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enlightenment ideals of liberty and representation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The American Revolution resulted in a constitutional democracy, while the French Revolution initially created a short-lived republic which then fell to violence. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The rise of violence and instability following the initial stages of the revolution. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The heavy tax burden placed on the Third Estate while the First and Second Estates had exemptions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It symbolized the start of the revolution and the challenge to royal authority. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The middle and lower classes including peasants, artisans, and the bourgeoise (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The American Revolution quickly established a constitution using debate and compromise with less violence, while the French Revolution saw shifts in power and leaders with periods of extreme violence. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They placed a disproportionate tax burden on the Third Estate while being largely exempt from the nobility and clergy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The core principles of social and political reform. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It carried the majority of the tax burden and had limited influence. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They inspired revolutions in Latin America against colonial powers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It was introduced as a response to the excesses and violence of the Reign of Terror (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A rigid hierarchy in which the Third Estate bore the largest tax burden but had the least political power (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The clergy and nobility's exemption from many taxes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Substantial debt incurred from involvement in foreign conflicts. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Implementing a rigorous system of censorship and government scrutiny over publications and mail. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They caused widespread food shortages and inflation, exacerbating their economic hardship. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By establishing an authoritarian regime that suppressed civil liberties. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It marked the start of his military career after graduating from military school. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He reached an agreement recognizing Catholicism as the religion of the majority, while preventing land recovery. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The equal application of law for all male citizens. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By pursuing a brief respite of peace to consolidate governmental stability. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It reversed some progressive laws, leading to a reduction in rights and an inferior status. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A system consisting of the French Empire, dependent states ruled by his relatives, and allied nations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He sought to implement standardized laws promoting equal opportunity and religious tolerance in places he controlled. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Based on merit and demonstrated ability rather than traditional class systems. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He maintained the key principles of equality before the law and increased access to public office. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The growth of <em>nationalism</em> resulting in resistance to French domination. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He viewed religious beliefs as a means to achieve social harmony, rather than a matter of spiritual truth. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They formed coalitions to oppose Napoleon’s growing influence and military expansion. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The concept of individual liberty and free thought. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He used his popular support as leverage to codify laws and reform the bureaucracy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Napoleon became the primary authority in Europe. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>His use of strategies involving speed, surprise, and decisive actions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It helped spread some principles of the French Revolution including equal opportunity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It served to create an aristocracy based on service to the state rather than birthright. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The development of political liberalism in numerous countries. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It aggravated existing unemployment within the manufacturing sector. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>His innovative and unconventional battle tactics. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The opening up of all ranks and positions based on merit instead of social class. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They diminished the church's influence. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Large debts from funding wars and an inability to collect needed taxes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The political instability created an opportune environment for Napoleon’s power grab. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ease with which divorce could be obtained and equal rights by daughters to inherit property. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The execution of Maximilien Robespierre (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Directory's inability to establish a strong and stable government, leading to corruption and unrest (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Committee of Public Safety contradicted the revolutionary ideal of fraternity by promoting social divisions and violence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Napoleon's betrayal of the revolutionary ideal of freedom of expression by implementing censorship (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A political philosophy promoting traditional social order, stability, and obedience to established authority (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To undermine the British economy and weaken their ability to oppose Napoleon's ambitions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Napoleon's failure to adequately prepare his troops for the harsh Russian winter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By redrawing territorial boundaries to create a balance of power among European nations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The establishment of a lasting and stable French Empire, encompassing all of continental Europe (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To reconcile with the Catholic Church and gain its support for his rule (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Napoleon's expansion of the French Empire through conquest and the suppression of individual liberties (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Napoleon's inadequate preparation for the harsh Russian winter and the resulting depletion of his army (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A commitment to traditional societal structures, stability, and obedience to established authority (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A sudden and illegal overthrow of the government, often by military force (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To create a more centralized and efficient legal system, replacing a complex and fragmented system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Legitimacy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prevent domination by any one country (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tradition and stability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Payment of a heavy fine to Allied nations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sending armies to restore monarchs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Efforts to contain revolutionary sentiments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It aimed to redistribute territory for balance of power (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Revolutionary movements (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent military conflicts between the great powers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Representative government (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They sought to suppress them and restore order (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By redistributing territories among Prussia and Austria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Importance of religion for societal order (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Bourbon king was reinstated (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Disputes over the voting system in the Estates-General (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Introduction of a limited monarchy with a Legislative Assembly (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bishops and priests became elected positions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Food shortages and economic distress (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Equal rights for all men before the law (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Sans-Culottes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fear of external invasions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They called for comprehensive constitutional reform. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Popular fear of rumor-driven violence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To defend France against internal and external threats (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Price increases and shortages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The collective grievances expressed in cahiers de doléance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A distinction between active and passive citizens based on property (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They broke into lords' houses to destroy obligation records. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They abolished all legal privileges of the nobles and clergy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The English Bill of Rights of 1689. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Talent and merit. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>She wrote a declaration advocating for women's equal rights. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Women’s March to Versailles. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They made all Church officials state employees. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They were elected by the people. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It created a limited monarchy with a Legislative Assembly. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Only wealthy members of society. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They attempted to flee France in disguise. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They wanted to restore Louis XVI to full power. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They felt threatened by outside forces. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They arrested the king and suspended the monarchy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They were to be elected by universal male suffrage. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Implementing the Continental System to blockade British goods (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The retreat of the Grand Army due to winter conditions led to massive casualties. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It permanently weakened Napoleon’s navy and hindered his ability to invade Britain. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The unification against a common enemy and realization of national identity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>New trade markets that emerged outside of European borders (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The army was unprepared for the harsh winter conditions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A coordinated attack by allied European nations on the weakened French army (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Napoleon returned to France and regained support from the military (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The resounding support for his leadership and reign (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The effective strategies employed by the British-Prussian forces (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By adopting scorched earth tactics, burning their own villages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exports were maintained at near-record highs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To enforce the rules of the Continental System (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Paris was captured, leading to Napoleon's abdication. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It upheld the traditional principle of primogeniture, favoring the firstborn son in inheritance, which sustained existing power structures within families. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It showcases Napoleon's control over the Church, highlighting the state's dominance in matters concerning religion. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He prioritized stability over revolution, often imposing authoritarian rule in conquered territories to maintain control. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Russian scorched Earth tactics and harsh winter conditions significantly weakened Napoleon's army, resulting in heavy casualties. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To impose a complete trade embargo on Britain, aiming to cripple their economy and force them to negotiate peace. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It caused economic hardships and resentment among Europeans, making them view Napoleon's dominance as a threat to their national interests. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Napoleon's expansionist ambitions, leading to wars and conquests that exhausted his resources and sparked opposition, ultimately contributed to his downfall. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He contributed to the rise of nationalism, influencing the formation of modern national identities across Europe. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>His implementation of centralized control over the government and bureaucracy, restricting local autonomy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Napoleon's conquests fueled a sense of resistance and resistance amongst conquered populations, strengthening national identities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>His use of secret police and censorship of the press, measures intended to maintain order but restricting individual freedoms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Napoleon's efforts to maintain a unified empire faced resistance from conquered populations, who sought autonomy and independence. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Continental System faced significant opposition from European nations, with widespread defiance and resistance against the trade restrictions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Napoleon's expansionist wars, aimed at conquering new territories and securing a vast empire, contradicted the ideal of peace and non-aggression. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He contributed to the rise of nationalism, shaping modern national identities and influencing the formation of modern nation-states. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Loyalty to a nation rather than a monarch (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They were exempt from many taxes, including the taille (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It was marked by significant differences in occupation and wealth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The success of the American Revolution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They were divided between wealthy high clergy and poor parish priests (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They owned 35 to 40 percent of the land, reflecting their economic struggle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rigidity and absence of social mobility (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Third Estate was the most populous but lacked political power and representation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They considered themselves as ordinary patriots. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To eliminate a rallying point for royalist opposition. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Belief that each cultural group should have its own independent government. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Committee of Public Safety. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By supporting the idea that each distinct cultural group should have its own autonomous state. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Grapeshot. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A common language, culture, and shared social institutions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A democratic republic of virtuous citizens. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By attempting to restore the traditional monarchies that Napoleon had overthrown, showing a desire for stability. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liberalism emphasizes the safeguarding of personal civil liberties and freedoms from government intrusion, while nationalism prioritizes a distinct community based on culture and language. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It included many members with prior political experience. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formation of a coalition of European monarchies against France. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Set price controls on essential goods. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It was perceived as a humane method of execution. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Severe actions during the Reign of Terror. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Restoration of feudal privileges. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They observed and demanded reforms in the National Convention. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fear of radical mobs from Paris. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They pressured for more radical reforms. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By limiting certain individual rights, especially those of women. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>His propagation of revolutionary ideas while establishing an empire. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The British naval blockade of European ports. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He negotiated a compromise with the Catholic Church. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The rise of nationalism and movements for self-determination. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He promised stability and order after years of turmoil. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He failed to account for the harsh winter conditions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It promoted individuals regardless of their social standing. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It ensured that the church became a tool for political loyalty. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The method of voting and representation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The landless peasants and urban laborers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It disproportionately burdened the Third Estate while exempting the nobility and clergy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allowed each estate only one unified vote, regardless of size. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To establish a constitutional monarchy with limitations on the king’s power. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The shift from a focus on equality and liberty to stability and order. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To restore the balance of power and reestablish legitimate monarchies after Napoleon's defeat. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Legitimacy of monarchs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To achieve a balance of power and prevent future European dominance by a single nation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>France was restored to its boundaries of 1790. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A fixed term occupation of certain French military positions by Allied troops, respecting French sovereignty. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conservatism, emphasizing tradition, social stability, and obedience to authority. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The importance of religion and traditional values. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To maintain a balance of power, limit revolutions, and preserve peace. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The right of great powers to send armies into countries to restore legitimate monarchs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Great Britain argued that they should not interfere in the internal affairs of other states. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The obligations drained their limited resources. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They faced a decline in buying power due to rising prices. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It emphasized tradition, social stability, and obedience to political and religious authority. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent any single nation from dominating Europe. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They desired to improve their own social status without eliminating nobility. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Creation of an authoritarian government (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The near collapse of the French economy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It centralized legal authority and established clear laws (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Imposed conditions of military occupation, financial penalty and loss of territory. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Each deputy be given one vote instead of each estate. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They used military force to install legitimate monarchs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He recognized the church's role but maintained state control (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Major European powers united to suppress revolutionary ideas and restore the pre-revolutionary order. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They swore the Tennis Court Oath. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The effective resistance from Great Britain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The prison was dismantled and rebel control was established. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Legal equality and economic freedom (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It resulted in widespread peasant violence and retaliation against nobles. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It led to unique identities opposing foreign rule (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The common people of Paris, including the sans-culottes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Closure and looting of churches (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shutting down newspapers and banning books (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It sought to eliminate corruption though many were executed. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They believed the monarchy was benevolent towards them. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Innovative maneuvers and rapid movements (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dependent and allied states ruled by relatives or former foes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Jean-Jacques Rousseau (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It limited electors to property owners only. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They lost their special privileges entirely (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They shared similar views on the monarchy's privilege. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To execute anyone considered a threat to the revolution (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>General discontent with civil government (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They involved decisive victories over major European powers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Her perceived extravagance amidst economic strife. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A sense of national identity and resistance to foreign dominance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The end of the French Revolution's turmoil (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They exacerbated food shortages and rising unrest. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It was formed by a people’s government. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They modified the revolution’s ideals to suit his agenda (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They ultimately arrested and executed him. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A dual legislative system with reduced decision-making speed. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Widespread poverty with escalating costs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To reflect Enlightenment ideals of reason over tradition. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To reduce the influence of superstition and promote reason. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hostility toward the government's stance against religion. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Disagreements over voting procedures within the Estates-General (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Church was brought under control of the state, and its lands sold off (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It outlined basic liberties and principles of equality before the law (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It differentiated between voting citizens based on property ownership and age, and non-voting passive citizens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Church was given more power than the state (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It led to the abolition of the monarchy and the establishment of a French Republic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Economic shortages, price increases, and political turmoil (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To document grievances for delegates at the Estates-General (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increasing church power (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A phase of brutal repression, executions and ending rebellions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It was a commitment to continue meeting until a new constitution was formed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peasants destroying records of financial obligations due to rumours (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To address foreign and domestic threats to revolutionary France (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Europeans outrage and subsequent wars against France, and domestic unrest (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A desire for direct democracy and greater autonomy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The geographic barrier of the English Channel (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To economically weaken Great Britain through trade restrictions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conquered peoples sought to resist and unify against French rule (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It weakened the Grand Army considerably, leading to its downfall (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Britain's advanced naval capabilities and island geography (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Battle of Trafalgar (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conducting a scorched earth policy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Drive Britain into economic despair (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The defeat of his forces in the Battle of Leipzig (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By encouraging unity among diverse groups against a common enemy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A crushing defeat that resulted in his ultimate downfall (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It led to the formation of black market channels circumventing Napoleon's plans (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He returned to a country eager for his leadership and glory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prosecution of counterrevolutionaries through revolutionary courts. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The formation of a large, citizen-based army that defeated enemy forces. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A two-house legislature and a five-man executive known as the Directory. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Directory's lack of popular support and effective leadership coupled with significant corruption. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The French army's leadership came from various social classes, without traditional military leaders. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He secretly organized the coup and overthrew the government. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It recognized Catholicism as the religion of the majority of French people. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>His implementation of government censorship. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To weaken Great Britain by blocking its trade with Continental Europe. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They created a common hatred for the French occupiers among other nations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>His exceptional speaking skills and confidence combined with intelligence and decisiveness. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>His capture by British and Prussian forces in Paris. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To restore the old monarchies in Europe and establish a balance of power. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The right of powerful nations to use military force to suppress revolutions they did not like. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liberalism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Napoleon's codifying of the laws which resulted in the creation of the Civil Code, or Napoleonic Code (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It reversed previous legal advancements and reduced the rights and lowered the status of women in French society. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He established a new aristocracy based on meritorious service to the nation, rewarding individuals for their contributions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>His desire to consolidate his power and gain support from a significant portion of the population who were Catholic. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The principle of equality before the law and the concept of opening up government positions to people based on merit. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The French monarchy's extravagant spending and involvement in costly foreign wars, accumulating massive debt. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>His strategic military genius and his successful campaigns that brought stability and control to a turbulent France. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To establish a new government that would bring order and stability to France after the turmoil of the revolution. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The revolution provided an opportunity for capable and ambitious individuals like Napoleon to rise through the ranks of the military and politics. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He was a product of the revolution, rising to power due to the opportunities it created and seeking to preserve some of its reforms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The internal conflicts and widespread corruption that characterized the Directory's leadership, leading to its downfall. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He established a new aristocracy based on merit and service to the nation, replacing the old aristocracy based on birth and privilege. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A significant rise in inflation and food shortages, exacerbating the economic hardship faced by the lower classes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Third Estate lacked representation in the Estates-General, meaning they had no voice in the government and were burdened with excessive taxes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They desired a greater share of political power and influence, along with economic reforms to alleviate their burdens. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The execution of Louis XVI triggered widespread fear and instability, leading to the rise of extremist factions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To curtail internal dissent and prosecute perceived enemies of the revolution, often resorting to brutal measures and executions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The rise of a charismatic military leader, Napoleon Bonaparte, who staged a coup d'état and seized power. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To restore order and stability to France after the turmoil of the Reign of Terror while preserving the core ideals of the Revolution. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Third Estate was a diverse group, with varying levels of wealth and influence, but overall, they were burdened by a heavy tax system and limited political rights. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It served as a symbol of the people's defiance against the monarchy and sparked widespread revolutionary fervor. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It was a period of political purges and extreme violence, driven by radical ideology and the desire to eliminate perceived enemies of the revolution. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The French Revolution inspired other revolutions and nationalist movements across Europe, challenging existing monarchies and societal structures. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To establish a stable and moderate republic, balancing the ideals of the revolution with the need for order and security. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To protect the newly established republic from internal and external threats, using a strong military presence and security measures. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The excessive spending habits of the monarchy and the costly wars waged by France. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Americans were able to peacefully achieve independence and establish a stable republic, while the French Revolution descended into violence and instability. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Louis XVI believed in maintaining absolute monarchy without a constitution, while the Third Estate desired a constitution to limit the king's power. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The march forced Louis XVI to accept the National Assembly's decrees and move to Paris, effectively making him a figurehead. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To generate revenue for the state, addressing the financial crisis and funding further revolutionary reforms. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It promoted the idea of natural rights, such as liberty, equality, and fraternity, reflecting Enlightenment principles of reason and human progress. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Civil Constitution of the Clergy aimed to reduce the influence of the Catholic Church in French society, bringing it under the control of the state. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The failed escape attempt further eroded public trust in the monarchy, leading to increased support for the revolution. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The National Convention was formed as a result of the uprisings in Paris, where radical factions arrested Louis XVI and demanded the end of the monarchy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The growing influence of radical factions, demanding broader social and political reforms, including the abolition of the monarchy and the implementation of universal suffrage. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>European powers saw the revolution as a threat to their own monarchies and sought to maintain the traditional balance of power in Europe. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To coordinate the war effort against foreign invaders and effectively manage the French military during a period of significant conflict. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The revolution sought to replace traditional Christian beliefs with a new system of secular morality, emphasizing reason, science, and human progress. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A: The Girondins advocated for a more moderate approach to revolution, while the Mountain pursued a more radical path of social and political transformation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Reign of Terror, characterized by excessive violence and repression, ultimately backfired, leading to a backlash against the revolution and the rise of counter-revolutionary forces. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The new government adopted a more liberal approach to social and political reforms, granting greater individual freedoms. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Directory's failure to effectively address the economic problems facing France, leading to widespread social unrest and political instability. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers