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Questions and Answers
A revolution is characterized by a slow and gradual transformation of society.
A revolution is characterized by a slow and gradual transformation of society.
False (B)
Which of the following is NOT a key feature of a revolution?
Which of the following is NOT a key feature of a revolution?
- A change of values
- A popular uprising
- The use of institutionalized means (correct)
- A great turning point in history
What are the three main areas where long-term issues can accumulate and contribute to a revolution?
What are the three main areas where long-term issues can accumulate and contribute to a revolution?
Economic, social, and political
The execution of Gomburza is considered the ______ that ignited the Filipinos to fight for their national identity.
The execution of Gomburza is considered the ______ that ignited the Filipinos to fight for their national identity.
Match the following concepts with their definitions:
Match the following concepts with their definitions:
Which of the following events is considered a flashpoint of the French Revolution?
Which of the following events is considered a flashpoint of the French Revolution?
The French Revolution declared that all men are equal in law.
The French Revolution declared that all men are equal in law.
What was the main objective of the Third Estate when they formed their own National Assembly?
What was the main objective of the Third Estate when they formed their own National Assembly?
The __________ was stormed on July 14, 1789, marking a key moment in the French Revolution.
The __________ was stormed on July 14, 1789, marking a key moment in the French Revolution.
Match the following events with their significance:
Match the following events with their significance:
During which period did the Scientific Revolution occur?
During which period did the Scientific Revolution occur?
The Enlightenment period directly followed the Scientific Revolution.
The Enlightenment period directly followed the Scientific Revolution.
What was one reason people were arrested during the Reign of Terror?
What was one reason people were arrested during the Reign of Terror?
French colonies during the Age of Exploration primarily included regions in __________ and the Caribbean.
French colonies during the Age of Exploration primarily included regions in __________ and the Caribbean.
Which of the following periods encompasses the French Revolution?
Which of the following periods encompasses the French Revolution?
What is a flashpoint in the context of a revolution?
What is a flashpoint in the context of a revolution?
Radicalization is a phase that occurs after the consolidation of a new government.
Radicalization is a phase that occurs after the consolidation of a new government.
Name one key figure associated with the Scientific Revolution.
Name one key figure associated with the Scientific Revolution.
The model that proposes the Earth is at the center of the universe is known as the ______ model.
The model that proposes the Earth is at the center of the universe is known as the ______ model.
Match the following figures to their contributions during the Scientific Revolution:
Match the following figures to their contributions during the Scientific Revolution:
What phase comes after the armed struggle in the revolution cycle?
What phase comes after the armed struggle in the revolution cycle?
The Enlightenment was primarily focused on advancements in natural sciences.
The Enlightenment was primarily focused on advancements in natural sciences.
What significant method did Francis Bacon advocate for understanding natural phenomena?
What significant method did Francis Bacon advocate for understanding natural phenomena?
The approach that emphasizes human reason to understand both material and spiritual aspects is known as ______.
The approach that emphasizes human reason to understand both material and spiritual aspects is known as ______.
Match the following scholars to their contributions in understanding the universe:
Match the following scholars to their contributions in understanding the universe:
What did radicalization after a revolution typically involve?
What did radicalization after a revolution typically involve?
The Scientific Revolution primarily emerged during the 14th - 15th centuries.
The Scientific Revolution primarily emerged during the 14th - 15th centuries.
What was significant about the year 1543 in relation to Nicolaus Copernicus?
What was significant about the year 1543 in relation to Nicolaus Copernicus?
The ______ phase in the revolution cycle involves the new government seeking to consolidate its power.
The ______ phase in the revolution cycle involves the new government seeking to consolidate its power.
Which scientist is credited with the first complete description of the circulatory system?
Which scientist is credited with the first complete description of the circulatory system?
Robert Boyle is considered the first to establish Chemistry as a formal science.
Robert Boyle is considered the first to establish Chemistry as a formal science.
What theory did Margaret Cavendish advocate regarding nature?
What theory did Margaret Cavendish advocate regarding nature?
The heliocentric system was advocated by __________.
The heliocentric system was advocated by __________.
Match the following scientists with their contributions:
Match the following scientists with their contributions:
What did Antoine Lavoisier modernize in the field of science?
What did Antoine Lavoisier modernize in the field of science?
The Enlightenment period was marked by a focus on religion over rational thought.
The Enlightenment period was marked by a focus on religion over rational thought.
What significant advancement in technology helped scientists analyze data more effectively?
What significant advancement in technology helped scientists analyze data more effectively?
The social class that was primarily responsible for paying taxes in France was the __________.
The social class that was primarily responsible for paying taxes in France was the __________.
Match the following inventions with their effects or uses:
Match the following inventions with their effects or uses:
Which mathematician contributed to the development of algebraic concepts and calculus?
Which mathematician contributed to the development of algebraic concepts and calculus?
Maria Cunitz is noted for correcting Galileo's laws of motion.
Maria Cunitz is noted for correcting Galileo's laws of motion.
What financial event contributed to the social inequality in France before the revolution?
What financial event contributed to the social inequality in France before the revolution?
The system of belief that became popular during the Enlightenment is known as __________.
The system of belief that became popular during the Enlightenment is known as __________.
What is a key characteristic of a revolution?
What is a key characteristic of a revolution?
Revolutions are typically driven by contentment and stability within society.
Revolutions are typically driven by contentment and stability within society.
What motivated the Filipinos to fight for their freedom following the execution of Gomburza?
What motivated the Filipinos to fight for their freedom following the execution of Gomburza?
A revolution is defined as a rapid, successful, and significant __________ of society.
A revolution is defined as a rapid, successful, and significant __________ of society.
Match the following causes of revolution with their descriptions:
Match the following causes of revolution with their descriptions:
What role do ideas play in revolutions?
What role do ideas play in revolutions?
The Gomburza execution happened in Bagumbayan, which contributed to the Filipino's dissatisfaction with Spanish rule.
The Gomburza execution happened in Bagumbayan, which contributed to the Filipino's dissatisfaction with Spanish rule.
Revolutionary movements require a change of __________ in order to be effective.
Revolutionary movements require a change of __________ in order to be effective.
Which of the following best describes the majority of the Third Estate's role during the French Revolution?
Which of the following best describes the majority of the Third Estate's role during the French Revolution?
The Siege of Bastille took place on July 14, 1789.
The Siege of Bastille took place on July 14, 1789.
What ideology emerged among the middle and lower classes in France during the long reign of the kings?
What ideology emerged among the middle and lower classes in France during the long reign of the kings?
The French colonies during the Age of Exploration mainly consisted of regions in __________ and the Caribbean.
The French colonies during the Age of Exploration mainly consisted of regions in __________ and the Caribbean.
Match the following events of the French Revolution with their dates:
Match the following events of the French Revolution with their dates:
Which event is associated with the radicalization phase of the French Revolution?
Which event is associated with the radicalization phase of the French Revolution?
The Reign of Terror allowed people to speak freely about their criticism of the ruling body.
The Reign of Terror allowed people to speak freely about their criticism of the ruling body.
What was the result of the National Assembly's dissolution in September 1791?
What was the result of the National Assembly's dissolution in September 1791?
The __________ was a symbol of the hated monarchy that Parisians stormed during the Revolution.
The __________ was a symbol of the hated monarchy that Parisians stormed during the Revolution.
What was one of the reasons for the national financial crisis leading to the meeting of the Estates General?
What was one of the reasons for the national financial crisis leading to the meeting of the Estates General?
Which scientist is known for providing a complete description of the circulatory system?
Which scientist is known for providing a complete description of the circulatory system?
Margaret Cavendish was born in Italy.
Margaret Cavendish was born in Italy.
What mathematical branch was developed to solve problems like the movement of planets?
What mathematical branch was developed to solve problems like the movement of planets?
_____ proposed the heliocentric system.
_____ proposed the heliocentric system.
What did Robert Boyle's work primarily lead to?
What did Robert Boyle's work primarily lead to?
The Scientific Method involves a random approach to answering questions.
The Scientific Method involves a random approach to answering questions.
Who corrected Kepler's 2nd Law of planetary motion?
Who corrected Kepler's 2nd Law of planetary motion?
The study of microorganisms and unicellular organisms was advanced by ______.
The study of microorganisms and unicellular organisms was advanced by ______.
Which philosopher is known for advocating empiricism and the scientific method?
Which philosopher is known for advocating empiricism and the scientific method?
Deism proposes that God interferes with the natural laws of the universe.
Deism proposes that God interferes with the natural laws of the universe.
What societal structure contributed to social inequality in France before the revolution?
What societal structure contributed to social inequality in France before the revolution?
Energy was harnessed through the discovery of steam and later on ______.
Energy was harnessed through the discovery of steam and later on ______.
Match the following scientists with their respective fields:
Match the following scientists with their respective fields:
Which phase in the revolution cycle seeks to consolidate power and confront remaining threats?
Which phase in the revolution cycle seeks to consolidate power and confront remaining threats?
Flashpoints are minimal moments that do not significantly impact the pace of a revolution.
Flashpoints are minimal moments that do not significantly impact the pace of a revolution.
What term describes the violent struggles during a revolution where groups must take sides?
What term describes the violent struggles during a revolution where groups must take sides?
The theory that proposes the sun is at the center of the universe is known as the _______ model.
The theory that proposes the sun is at the center of the universe is known as the _______ model.
Match the following scientists to their contributions during the Scientific Revolution:
Match the following scientists to their contributions during the Scientific Revolution:
Which of the following ideas is NOT part of radicalization in the revolution cycle?
Which of the following ideas is NOT part of radicalization in the revolution cycle?
The Enlightenment placed a significant emphasis on rational thought and human progress.
The Enlightenment placed a significant emphasis on rational thought and human progress.
Name one factor that contributed to the Scientific Revolution's emergence in the 16th and 17th centuries.
Name one factor that contributed to the Scientific Revolution's emergence in the 16th and 17th centuries.
Johannes Kepler confirmed which model of the universe?
Johannes Kepler confirmed which model of the universe?
Match the following thinkers to their contributions:
Match the following thinkers to their contributions:
What is a primary characteristic of the division and factionalism stage in a new regime?
What is a primary characteristic of the division and factionalism stage in a new regime?
The Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment periods were both influenced by Medieval thinkers.
The Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment periods were both influenced by Medieval thinkers.
What significant achievement is associated with Isaac Newton?
What significant achievement is associated with Isaac Newton?
The process of understanding natural phenomena through observation and experimentation is known as _________.
The process of understanding natural phenomena through observation and experimentation is known as _________.
Flashcards
Humanism
Humanism
Belief in human potential and societal contribution.
Revolution
Revolution
A rapid transformation that significantly changes society's values.
Features of a Revolution
Features of a Revolution
Quick duration, popular uprising, long-term issues, short-term triggers.
Dissatisfaction
Dissatisfaction
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Ideology
Ideology
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Gomburza Execution
Gomburza Execution
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Anger as Fuel
Anger as Fuel
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Witnesses of Revolution
Witnesses of Revolution
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Bourgeoisie
Bourgeoisie
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Crusades
Crusades
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French Revolution
French Revolution
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Reign of Terror
Reign of Terror
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Siege of Bastille
Siege of Bastille
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Declaration of the Republic
Declaration of the Republic
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National Assembly
National Assembly
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Flight of Royal Family
Flight of Royal Family
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Scientific Revolution
Scientific Revolution
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Enlightenment
Enlightenment
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Vesalius
Vesalius
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William Harvey
William Harvey
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Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
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Robert Boyle
Robert Boyle
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Antoine Lavoisier
Antoine Lavoisier
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Calculus
Calculus
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Deism
Deism
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Margaret Cavendish
Margaret Cavendish
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Scientific Method
Scientific Method
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Francis Bacon
Francis Bacon
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Galileo Galilei
Galileo Galilei
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Isaac Newton
Isaac Newton
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Astronomy Advances
Astronomy Advances
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Social Inequality in France
Social Inequality in France
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Revolution Cycle
Revolution Cycle
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Flashpoints
Flashpoints
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Armed Struggle
Armed Struggle
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Grab for Power
Grab for Power
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Consolidation and Confrontation
Consolidation and Confrontation
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Division and Factionalism
Division and Factionalism
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Radicalization
Radicalization
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Moderation
Moderation
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Skepticism
Skepticism
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Rationalism
Rationalism
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Heliocentric Model
Heliocentric Model
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Andres Vesalius
Andres Vesalius
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Popular Uprising
Popular Uprising
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Long Accumulation
Long Accumulation
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Short-Term Event
Short-Term Event
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Revolutionary Ideology
Revolutionary Ideology
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Execution of Gomburza
Execution of Gomburza
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Anger as a Catalyst
Anger as a Catalyst
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Witness Experiences
Witness Experiences
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Dissatisfaction as a Driver
Dissatisfaction as a Driver
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French Bourgeoisie
French Bourgeoisie
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French Colonies
French Colonies
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Estates General
Estates General
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March on Versailles
March on Versailles
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Declaration of Republic
Declaration of Republic
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Cycle of Revolution
Cycle of Revolution
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Innovative Dissection
Innovative Dissection
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Circulatory System
Circulatory System
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Microscopy
Microscopy
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Formal Chemistry
Formal Chemistry
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Chemical Reactions
Chemical Reactions
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Empiricism
Empiricism
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Telescope Advancements
Telescope Advancements
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Heliocentric System
Heliocentric System
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Gravity and Motion
Gravity and Motion
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Planetary Motion
Planetary Motion
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Social Classes in France
Social Classes in France
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Study Notes
T3 U1: Dawn of Revolution
- Revolution Defined: A rapid, successful, major transformation of society, marked by a shift in values, a popular uprising, and non-institutionalized methods. A turning point with significant change to a nation, region, or even the globe.
- Features of Revolution: Quick (3-5 years), popular uprising (led by individual or group), long-term accumulation of problems (economic, social, political), short-term worsening of conditions, and motivators like dissatisfaction, anger, injustice, and problems rooted in witnessed events, experiences, and beliefs.
- Ideology in Revolution: Crucial role. Motivating individuals through new political, economic, or social ideas. Conflict between old and new ideals.
- Gomburza Execution Impact: Filipino anger and desire for national identity fueled by the execution of the priests. Inspired fighting for freedom and Jose Rizal's writing.
S2: Cycle of Revolution
- Revolution Cycle: Series of stages.
- Flashpoints: Critical moments of confrontation between revolutionaries and old regime. Can be verbal or physical.
- Armed Struggle: Violent clashes, leading to dispossession, death, and destruction as individuals and groups take sides.
- Grab for Power: Overthrow of old regime, success depends on popular support and military backing.
- Consolidation and Confrontation: New regime consolidates power, defeating counter-revolutionaries, and addresses grievances.
- Division and Factionalism: Ideological divisions among new leaders and different visions for replacing the old regime.
- Radicalization: Extreme violence and measures (like war, terror, price controls) by radical political leaders.
- Moderation: Abandoning radicalism; restoring order, control, stability, and prosperity through policies that might mirror the old regime.
European Intellectual Revolutions (Page 397-402)
- Scientific Revolution & Enlightenment: Marked significant changes in science, impacting technology and knowledge.
- Scientific Thinking: Grounded in skepticism (verification of truth and reality), influenced by Renaissance humanism, and fueled by Protestant nations seeking a deeper understanding of the universe. Rationalism posits that natural laws are understandable by the human mind for societal progress.
- Medieval vs. Modern Science: Medieval thinkers relied on ancient knowledge. Muslim scholars preserved science. The 16th-17th centuries saw the rise of scientific thinking using observation and experimentation.
- Scientific Method: Inductive method (Bacon), Empiricism (knowledge through observation), Skepticism (Descartes), and observation guided by reason.
- Heliocentric Model: Copernicus proposed that the sun is the center of the solar system. Kepler confirmed it, while Galileo's discoveries faced church opposition.
- Scientific Discoveries: Newton's laws of gravity and motion; advancements in medicine (Vesalius, Harvey); microbiology (Leeuwenhoek); Chemistry (Boyle, Lavoisier); mathematical tools (calculus, mechanical calculators); deism.
- Enlightenment: Focus on human society and civilization. Debate on whether a natural state is better for humanity. Salons were central spaces for debate.
S3: Scientific Revolution
- Key Scientists: Copernicus, Cavendish, Kepler, Galileo, Maria Cunitz, Bacon, Descartes, Newton.
- Scientific Method: Systemic approach to solving problems, involving data collection and validation.
- Impact of Scientific Advancements: Changed perspectives on life, supported permanent scientific fields, promoted easier production, and challenged authority.
T3 U2: French Revolution - Causes and Context
- Financial Setback: French losses in the Seven Years' War led to financial difficulties.
- Social Inequality: Rigid social classes (First, Second, Third Estates); First and Second Estates did not pay taxes.
- Weak Leadership: King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette faced criticism for weak leadership and extravagant lifestyle. Historical context: France was monarchical (since Clovis), had the feudal system introduced by William the Conqueror, French Kings fought in crusades, French revolution didn't begin in France, Renaissance and Scientific Revolution didn't start there, and Bourgeoisie are merchants.
- Timeline: Renaissance (1300s-1600s), Reformation (1500s), Scientific Revolution (1500s-1600s), Enlightenment (1600s-1800s), French Revolution (1789-1889).
S2: Timeline and Phases of the French Revolution
- May 1789: Meeting of Estates General, aimed at solving financial crisis, but the Third Estate formed its National Assembly leading to the call for a new constitution.
- July 14, 1789: Storming of the Bastille, a symbol of the monarchy, which ignited the revolution.
- October 1789: March on Versailles, demanding bread and the King's move to Paris.
- June 20-21, 1791: Flight of the Royal Family to Austria, seeking to restore absolute monarchy (resulting in stopped in Varennes).
- September 1791: Dissolution of the National Assembly, creation of the Legislative Assembly, and a constitutional monarchy.
- April 1792: Declaration of War on Austria.
- August 1792: Attack on Tuileries Palace, leading to the arrest of the King and Queen.
- September 1792: Declaration of the French Republic.
S3: Reign of Terror
- Robespierre & Committee on Public Safety: Leading figures in the Reign of Terror, using the guillotine.
- Reasons for Arrest (Reign of Terror): Complaining about prices, using traditional titles, expressing positive views about the monarchy, lack of enthusiasm for the revolution, or any criticism of the rulers.
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