French Revolution and Enlightenment Quiz
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Questions and Answers

A revolution is characterized by a slow and gradual transformation of society.

False (B)

Which of the following is NOT a key feature of a revolution?

  • A change of values
  • A popular uprising
  • The use of institutionalized means (correct)
  • A great turning point in history

    • What are the three main areas where long-term issues can accumulate and contribute to a revolution?

    Economic, social, and political

    The execution of Gomburza is considered the ______ that ignited the Filipinos to fight for their national identity.

    <p>spark</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following concepts with their definitions:

    <p>Ideology = Ideas that motivate a revolution Humanism = Belief in the inherent goodness and potential of humanity Revolution = A rapid and significant transformation of society Long Accumulation = Long-term problems that contribute to a revolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following events is considered a flashpoint of the French Revolution?

    <p>March on Versailles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The French Revolution declared that all men are equal in law.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main objective of the Third Estate when they formed their own National Assembly?

    <p>To draft a new constitution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ was stormed on July 14, 1789, marking a key moment in the French Revolution.

    <p>Bastille</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following events with their significance:

    <p>Flight of Royal Family = Attempt to flee to Austria Siege of Bastille = Symbol of monarchy's oppression March on Versailles = Demand for food and king's presence Declaration of Republic = Proclaiming equality of all men</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which period did the Scientific Revolution occur?

    <p>1500s-1600s (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Enlightenment period directly followed the Scientific Revolution.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one reason people were arrested during the Reign of Terror?

    <p>Complaining about prices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    French colonies during the Age of Exploration primarily included regions in __________ and the Caribbean.

    <p>West Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following periods encompasses the French Revolution?

    <p>1789-1889 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a flashpoint in the context of a revolution?

    <p>An acceleration in the pace of revolution due to confrontation with the old regime (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Radicalization is a phase that occurs after the consolidation of a new government.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one key figure associated with the Scientific Revolution.

    <p>Isaac Newton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The model that proposes the Earth is at the center of the universe is known as the ______ model.

    <p>geocentric</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following figures to their contributions during the Scientific Revolution:

    <p>Nicolaus Copernicus = Heliocentric model Galileo Galilei = Telescope advancements and conflict with the Church Francis Bacon = Inductive method and empiricism Isaac Newton = Laws of gravity and motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phase comes after the armed struggle in the revolution cycle?

    <p>Consolidation and Confrontation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Enlightenment was primarily focused on advancements in natural sciences.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant method did Francis Bacon advocate for understanding natural phenomena?

    <p>Inductive method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The approach that emphasizes human reason to understand both material and spiritual aspects is known as ______.

    <p>rationalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following scholars to their contributions in understanding the universe:

    <p>Johannes Kepler = Confirmed heliocentric model Andres Vesalius = Human anatomy studies Rene Descartes = Philosophy and skepticism Ptolemy = Geocentric model of the universe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did radicalization after a revolution typically involve?

    <p>Extreme and violent measures to address problems (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Scientific Revolution primarily emerged during the 14th - 15th centuries.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was significant about the year 1543 in relation to Nicolaus Copernicus?

    <p>His heliocentric model was published.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ phase in the revolution cycle involves the new government seeking to consolidate its power.

    <p>Consolidation and Confrontation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scientist is credited with the first complete description of the circulatory system?

    <p>William Harvey (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Robert Boyle is considered the first to establish Chemistry as a formal science.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What theory did Margaret Cavendish advocate regarding nature?

    <p>All nature is composed of free, self-moving, rational matter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The heliocentric system was advocated by __________.

    <p>Nicolaus Copernicus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following scientists with their contributions:

    <p>Johannes Kepler = Planetary motion Galileo Galilei = Speed/velocity of gravity Francis Bacon = Scientific method Isaac Newton = Laws of motion and gravity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Antoine Lavoisier modernize in the field of science?

    <p>Chemistry (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Enlightenment period was marked by a focus on religion over rational thought.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant advancement in technology helped scientists analyze data more effectively?

    <p>Calculus and mechanical calculators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The social class that was primarily responsible for paying taxes in France was the __________.

    <p>Third Estate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following inventions with their effects or uses:

    <p>Telescope = Discovery of more planets Pneumatic engine = Properties of air Microscope = Studying microbes Mechanical calculator = Faster computations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mathematician contributed to the development of algebraic concepts and calculus?

    <p>Rene Descartes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Maria Cunitz is noted for correcting Galileo's laws of motion.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What financial event contributed to the social inequality in France before the revolution?

    <p>Defeat in the Seven Years' War</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The system of belief that became popular during the Enlightenment is known as __________.

    <p>Deism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of a revolution?

    <p>It results in a significant transformation within a short period. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Revolutions are typically driven by contentment and stability within society.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What motivated the Filipinos to fight for their freedom following the execution of Gomburza?

    <p>Anger and a desire for national identity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A revolution is defined as a rapid, successful, and significant __________ of society.

    <p>transformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following causes of revolution with their descriptions:

    <p>Dissatisfaction = Feelings of discontent among the population Anger = Emotional response to injustice or grievances Injustice = Lack of fairness in societal treatment Problem = Issues that lead to the need for change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do ideas play in revolutions?

    <p>They motivate individuals and groups seeking political, economic, or societal change. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Gomburza execution happened in Bagumbayan, which contributed to the Filipino's dissatisfaction with Spanish rule.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Revolutionary movements require a change of __________ in order to be effective.

    <p>values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the majority of the Third Estate's role during the French Revolution?

    <p>They formed a National Assembly to advocate for their rights. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Siege of Bastille took place on July 14, 1789.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ideology emerged among the middle and lower classes in France during the long reign of the kings?

    <p>Logic and reason</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The French colonies during the Age of Exploration mainly consisted of regions in __________ and the Caribbean.

    <p>West Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following events of the French Revolution with their dates:

    <p>Meeting of Estates General = May 1789 March on Versailles = October 5, 1789 Flight of Royal Family = June 20-21, 1791 Declaration of the Republic = September 21, 1792</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event is associated with the radicalization phase of the French Revolution?

    <p>Attack on Tuileries Palace (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Reign of Terror allowed people to speak freely about their criticism of the ruling body.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the result of the National Assembly's dissolution in September 1791?

    <p>Proclamation of a constitutional monarchy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ was a symbol of the hated monarchy that Parisians stormed during the Revolution.

    <p>Bastille</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the reasons for the national financial crisis leading to the meeting of the Estates General?

    <p>Excessive royal spending (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scientist is known for providing a complete description of the circulatory system?

    <p>William Harvey (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Margaret Cavendish was born in Italy.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mathematical branch was developed to solve problems like the movement of planets?

    <p>Calculus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    _____ proposed the heliocentric system.

    <p>Nicolaus Copernicus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Robert Boyle's work primarily lead to?

    <p>Establishment of Chemistry as a formal science (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Scientific Method involves a random approach to answering questions.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who corrected Kepler's 2nd Law of planetary motion?

    <p>Maria Cunitz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The study of microorganisms and unicellular organisms was advanced by ______.

    <p>Anton Van Leeuwenhoek</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which philosopher is known for advocating empiricism and the scientific method?

    <p>Francis Bacon (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Deism proposes that God interferes with the natural laws of the universe.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What societal structure contributed to social inequality in France before the revolution?

    <p>The Estates system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Energy was harnessed through the discovery of steam and later on ______.

    <p>coal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following scientists with their respective fields:

    <p>Nicolaus Copernicus = Astronomy Robert Boyle = Chemistry Francis Bacon = Philosophy of science Isaac Newton = Physics and mathematics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase in the revolution cycle seeks to consolidate power and confront remaining threats?

    <p>Consolidation and Confrontation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashpoints are minimal moments that do not significantly impact the pace of a revolution.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the violent struggles during a revolution where groups must take sides?

    <p>Armed Struggle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The theory that proposes the sun is at the center of the universe is known as the _______ model.

    <p>heliocentric</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following scientists to their contributions during the Scientific Revolution:

    <p>Francis Bacon = Inductive method Isaac Newton = Laws of motion and gravity Galileo Galilei = Support for heliocentric theory Rene Descartes = Foundation of skepticism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following ideas is NOT part of radicalization in the revolution cycle?

    <p>Return to previous structures and policies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Enlightenment placed a significant emphasis on rational thought and human progress.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one factor that contributed to the Scientific Revolution's emergence in the 16th and 17th centuries.

    <p>Skepticism or Empiricism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Johannes Kepler confirmed which model of the universe?

    <p>heliocentric</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following thinkers to their contributions:

    <p>Nicolaus Copernicus = Heliocentric theory Francis Bacon = Empirical method Andreas Vesalius = Human anatomy Galileo Galilei = Experimental validation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of the division and factionalism stage in a new regime?

    <p>Disagreement among leaders (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment periods were both influenced by Medieval thinkers.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant achievement is associated with Isaac Newton?

    <p>Discovery of laws of motion and gravity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of understanding natural phenomena through observation and experimentation is known as _________.

    <p>empiricism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    T3 U1: Dawn of Revolution

    • Revolution Defined: A rapid, successful, major transformation of society, marked by a shift in values, a popular uprising, and non-institutionalized methods. A turning point with significant change to a nation, region, or even the globe.
    • Features of Revolution: Quick (3-5 years), popular uprising (led by individual or group), long-term accumulation of problems (economic, social, political), short-term worsening of conditions, and motivators like dissatisfaction, anger, injustice, and problems rooted in witnessed events, experiences, and beliefs.
    • Ideology in Revolution: Crucial role. Motivating individuals through new political, economic, or social ideas. Conflict between old and new ideals.
    • Gomburza Execution Impact: Filipino anger and desire for national identity fueled by the execution of the priests. Inspired fighting for freedom and Jose Rizal's writing.

    S2: Cycle of Revolution

    • Revolution Cycle: Series of stages.
      • Flashpoints: Critical moments of confrontation between revolutionaries and old regime. Can be verbal or physical.
      • Armed Struggle: Violent clashes, leading to dispossession, death, and destruction as individuals and groups take sides.
      • Grab for Power: Overthrow of old regime, success depends on popular support and military backing.
      • Consolidation and Confrontation: New regime consolidates power, defeating counter-revolutionaries, and addresses grievances.
      • Division and Factionalism: Ideological divisions among new leaders and different visions for replacing the old regime.
      • Radicalization: Extreme violence and measures (like war, terror, price controls) by radical political leaders.
      • Moderation: Abandoning radicalism; restoring order, control, stability, and prosperity through policies that might mirror the old regime.

    European Intellectual Revolutions (Page 397-402)

    • Scientific Revolution & Enlightenment: Marked significant changes in science, impacting technology and knowledge.
    • Scientific Thinking: Grounded in skepticism (verification of truth and reality), influenced by Renaissance humanism, and fueled by Protestant nations seeking a deeper understanding of the universe. Rationalism posits that natural laws are understandable by the human mind for societal progress.
    • Medieval vs. Modern Science: Medieval thinkers relied on ancient knowledge. Muslim scholars preserved science. The 16th-17th centuries saw the rise of scientific thinking using observation and experimentation.
    • Scientific Method: Inductive method (Bacon), Empiricism (knowledge through observation), Skepticism (Descartes), and observation guided by reason.
    • Heliocentric Model: Copernicus proposed that the sun is the center of the solar system. Kepler confirmed it, while Galileo's discoveries faced church opposition.
    • Scientific Discoveries: Newton's laws of gravity and motion; advancements in medicine (Vesalius, Harvey); microbiology (Leeuwenhoek); Chemistry (Boyle, Lavoisier); mathematical tools (calculus, mechanical calculators); deism.
    • Enlightenment: Focus on human society and civilization. Debate on whether a natural state is better for humanity. Salons were central spaces for debate.

    S3: Scientific Revolution

    • Key Scientists: Copernicus, Cavendish, Kepler, Galileo, Maria Cunitz, Bacon, Descartes, Newton.
    • Scientific Method: Systemic approach to solving problems, involving data collection and validation.
    • Impact of Scientific Advancements: Changed perspectives on life, supported permanent scientific fields, promoted easier production, and challenged authority.

    T3 U2: French Revolution - Causes and Context

    • Financial Setback: French losses in the Seven Years' War led to financial difficulties.
    • Social Inequality: Rigid social classes (First, Second, Third Estates); First and Second Estates did not pay taxes.
    • Weak Leadership: King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette faced criticism for weak leadership and extravagant lifestyle. Historical context: France was monarchical (since Clovis), had the feudal system introduced by William the Conqueror, French Kings fought in crusades, French revolution didn't begin in France, Renaissance and Scientific Revolution didn't start there, and Bourgeoisie are merchants.
    • Timeline: Renaissance (1300s-1600s), Reformation (1500s), Scientific Revolution (1500s-1600s), Enlightenment (1600s-1800s), French Revolution (1789-1889).

    S2: Timeline and Phases of the French Revolution

    • May 1789: Meeting of Estates General, aimed at solving financial crisis, but the Third Estate formed its National Assembly leading to the call for a new constitution.
    • July 14, 1789: Storming of the Bastille, a symbol of the monarchy, which ignited the revolution.
    • October 1789: March on Versailles, demanding bread and the King's move to Paris.
    • June 20-21, 1791: Flight of the Royal Family to Austria, seeking to restore absolute monarchy (resulting in stopped in Varennes).
    • September 1791: Dissolution of the National Assembly, creation of the Legislative Assembly, and a constitutional monarchy.
    • April 1792: Declaration of War on Austria.
    • August 1792: Attack on Tuileries Palace, leading to the arrest of the King and Queen.
    • September 1792: Declaration of the French Republic.

    S3: Reign of Terror

    • Robespierre & Committee on Public Safety: Leading figures in the Reign of Terror, using the guillotine.
    • Reasons for Arrest (Reign of Terror): Complaining about prices, using traditional titles, expressing positive views about the monarchy, lack of enthusiasm for the revolution, or any criticism of the rulers.

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    Test your knowledge on the key features and events of the French Revolution as well as the Enlightenment and Scientific Revolution. This quiz covers important concepts, definitions, and historical significance related to these transformative periods. Challenge yourself and discover how these movements shaped modern society.

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