32 Questions
What was the core value of the 'republic of virtue' according to the text?
Upholding the public over the private good
What did the republic of virtue aim to replace?
Selfish aristocratic and monarchical corruption
What was the general attack against in the 'republic of virtue'?
Crimes characteristic of aristocratic society
What did the Committee of Public Safety carry out policies in the name of?
The public good
What was a significant advantage of using the guillotine for execution?
It ensured immediate severing of the head
Who were among the first victims of the Terror during the French Revolution?
Members of the royal family and aristocrats
Where did one of the infamous incidents of the Terror occur, involving drowning of several hundred people?
Nantes on the west coast of France
Who were the primary targets of the summary executions that took place in the provinces during the Terror?
Peasants who allegedly supported internal opposition to the revolution
What was the core value of the 'republic of virtue' according to the text?
Upholding the public over the private good
What did the republic of virtue aim to replace?
Selfish aristocratic and monarchical corruption
In the 'republic of virtue', what did the suppression of plays and literature aim to achieve?
Promote republican values
What was the significance of the renaming of streets in the 'republic of virtue'?
Reflect the egalitarian vocabulary of the revolution
Who became the dominant figure on the Committee of Public Safety in late 1793?
Maximilien de Robespierre
What was the aim of the Society of Revolutionary Republican Women, founded in May 1793?
To fight the internal enemies of the revolution
Who opposed the Terror and was guillotined in November 1793?
Olympe de Gouges
What did the Jacobins in the Convention do by October 1793?
Banned all women’s clubs and societies
What did the policies associated with terror include?
Exclusion of women from active political life
What did the Jacobin republic of virtue establish in terms of women's political participation?
Exclusion of women from public political life
What did the Convention attempt to do in November 1793, regarding religion?
De-Christianize France
What did Robespierre oppose, regarding religion?
De-Christianization
When were revolutionary tribunals established?
During the summer of 1793
What was the fate of those condemned by the revolutionary tribunals in Paris?
They were beheaded on the guillotine
What was the core value of the republic of virtue defended by terror?
Whole-hearted support of the republican government
What did Robespierre favor from the beginning of the revolution?
A republic
What was one of the main advantages of using the guillotine for execution during the French Revolution?
It ensured immediate severing of the head without requiring multiple blows
Who were among the first victims of the Terror during the French Revolution?
Marie Antoinette and other members of the royal family
Where did one of the infamous incidents of the Terror occur, involving drowning of several hundred people?
Nantes on the west coast of France
Who were the primary targets of the summary executions that took place in the provinces during the Terror?
Peasants who allegedly supported internal opposition to the revolution
What was a key advantage of using the guillotine for execution during the French Revolution?
It ensured immediate severing of the condemned's head
Who were the primary targets of the executions that took place in Nantes during the Terror?
Peasants who allegedly supported internal opposition to the revolution
Who were among the first victims of the Terror during the French Revolution?
Marie Antoinette, other members of the royal family, and aristocrats
What was the focus of the Terror as it moved to the provinces in early 1794?
Summary execution of thousands of people, primarily peasants
Study Notes
The Reign of Terror in the French Revolution
- Maxi-milien de Robespierre became the dominant figure on the Committee of Public Safety in late 1793 and embodied the republic of virtue defended by terror.
- Robespierre favored a republic from the beginning of the revolution and relied on the support of the sans-culottes of Paris.
- The republic of virtue meant whole-hearted support of the republican government and the assault on foreign and domestic enemies of the revolution.
- The policies associated with terror included the exclusion of women from active political life, de-Christianization of France, and the use of revolutionary tribunals for dispensing justice.
- The Society of Revolutionary Republican Women, founded in May 1793, aimed to fight the internal enemies of the revolution and became increasingly radical.
- The Jacobins in the Convention banned all women’s clubs and societies by October 1793, fearing the turmoil caused by the Society of Revolutionary Republican Women.
- Olympe de Gouges, author of the Declaration of the Rights of Woman, opposed the Terror and was guillotined in November 1793.
- The Jacobin republic of virtue established the exclusion of women from public political life, confining them to the domestic sphere.
- The Convention attempted to de-Christianize France in November 1793, proclaiming a new calendar and closing churches, persecuting clergy, and desecrating religious property.
- Robespierre opposed de-Christianization, believing it would erode loyalty to the republic.
- The Reign of Terror manifested through revolutionary tribunals established during the summer of 1793, which tried enemies of the republic, including those who endangered republican virtue.
- Those condemned by the revolutionary tribunals in Paris were beheaded on the guillotine.
Test your knowledge of Robespierre's justification of the "Republic of Virtue" and the use of terror during the French Revolution. Explore the factors that led to the dispensation of legal due process and the Committee of Public Safety's role in justifying the use of terror.
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