Podcast
Questions and Answers
What was a significant advantage of using the guillotine for execution?
What was a significant advantage of using the guillotine for execution?
- It was less messy than other methods
- It was less frightening for the condemned
- It allowed for a painless execution
- It ensured immediate severing of the head (correct)
Who were the first victims of the Terror in October 1793?
Who were the first victims of the Terror in October 1793?
- Marie Antoinette, other members of the royal family, and aristocrats (correct)
- Girondist politicians
- Peasants who supported internal opposition to the revolution
- Members of the Society of Revolutionary Republican Women
Where did one of the infamous incidents of the Terror occur, involving tying people to rafts and drowning them in the river Loire?
Where did one of the infamous incidents of the Terror occur, involving tying people to rafts and drowning them in the river Loire?
- Nantes on the west coast of France (correct)
- Bordeaux in southwestern France
- Paris, the capital city
- Lyon in east-central France
Who were the victims of the Terror in the provinces in early 1794?
Who were the victims of the Terror in the provinces in early 1794?
What was a reason for the Convention moving against the Society of Revolutionary Republican Women?
What was a reason for the Convention moving against the Society of Revolutionary Republican Women?
Which social class did the victims of the Terror come from?
Which social class did the victims of the Terror come from?
What was a method of execution used in the provinces, apart from the guillotine?
What was a method of execution used in the provinces, apart from the guillotine?
Who presided over the summary execution of thousands of people in the provinces?
Who presided over the summary execution of thousands of people in the provinces?
When did the Terror move to the provinces?
When did the Terror move to the provinces?
Who were executed in the same weeks that the Convention had moved against the Society of Revolutionary Republican Women?
Who were executed in the same weeks that the Convention had moved against the Society of Revolutionary Republican Women?
What did the people in the Convention and the Committee of Public Safety believe they had created?
What did the people in the Convention and the Committee of Public Safety believe they had created?
In the 'republic of virtue', what was the core value in line with Rousseau’s thought?
In the 'republic of virtue', what was the core value in line with Rousseau’s thought?
What did the republic of virtue manifest itself in?
What did the republic of virtue manifest itself in?
What was the justification for the policies of the terror carried out by the Committee of Public Safety?
What was the justification for the policies of the terror carried out by the Committee of Public Safety?
What did the republic of virtue aim to replace?
What did the republic of virtue aim to replace?
What type of literature was suppressed in the 'republic of virtue'?
What type of literature was suppressed in the 'republic of virtue'?
What did the 'republic of virtue' champion over individual interests?
What did the 'republic of virtue' champion over individual interests?
What was the absence of in the 'republic of virtue'?
What was the absence of in the 'republic of virtue'?
What was the core value of the 'republic of virtue'?
What was the core value of the 'republic of virtue'?
What was the main focus of the 'republic of virtue'?
What was the main focus of the 'republic of virtue'?
Who was the dominant figure on the Committee of Public Safety by late 1793?
Who was the dominant figure on the Committee of Public Safety by late 1793?
What did the republic of virtue, as defined by Robespierre, emphasize?
What did the republic of virtue, as defined by Robespierre, emphasize?
What was the purpose of the Society of Revolutionary Republican Women founded by Pauline Léon and Claire Lacombe?
What was the purpose of the Society of Revolutionary Republican Women founded by Pauline Léon and Claire Lacombe?
What was the most dramatic step taken by the republic of virtue to justify the Terror?
What was the most dramatic step taken by the republic of virtue to justify the Terror?
Which calendar was proclaimed by the Convention in November 1793?
Which calendar was proclaimed by the Convention in November 1793?
What did the Convention decree the Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris to be in November 1793?
What did the Convention decree the Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris to be in November 1793?
What was the mandate of the revolutionary tribunals established by the Convention during the summer of 1793?
What was the mandate of the revolutionary tribunals established by the Convention during the summer of 1793?
What instrument was used for the execution of those condemned by the revolutionary tribunals?
What instrument was used for the execution of those condemned by the revolutionary tribunals?
Who was Olympe de Gouges and what happened to her in November 1793?
Who was Olympe de Gouges and what happened to her in November 1793?
What did the exclusion of women from public political life signify in the Jacobin republic of virtue?
What did the exclusion of women from public political life signify in the Jacobin republic of virtue?
Who emerged as the dominant figure on the Committee of Public Safety in late 1793?
Who emerged as the dominant figure on the Committee of Public Safety in late 1793?
Who was guillotined in November 1793 for opposing the Terror?
Who was guillotined in November 1793 for opposing the Terror?
What did the policies associated with terror in the name of republican virtue include?
What did the policies associated with terror in the name of republican virtue include?
Who were the initial supporters of the Society of Revolutionary Republican Women?
Who were the initial supporters of the Society of Revolutionary Republican Women?
What did the radical religious policy of de-Christianization alienate?
What did the radical religious policy of de-Christianization alienate?
What did the revolutionary tribunals try to systematize and channel?
What did the revolutionary tribunals try to systematize and channel?
What was the mandate of the revolutionary tribunals?
What was the mandate of the revolutionary tribunals?
What did the republic of virtue attempt to establish?
What did the republic of virtue attempt to establish?
What did the Reign of Terror manifest itself in?
What did the Reign of Terror manifest itself in?
Where were those condemned by the revolutionary tribunals in Paris beheaded?
Where were those condemned by the revolutionary tribunals in Paris beheaded?
Study Notes
The Reign of Terror in Revolutionary France
- Maxilien de Robespierre, a controversial figure, emerged as the dominant figure on the Committee of Public Safety in late 1793
- Robespierre was a selfless revolutionary who favored a republic from the beginning of the revolution and relied on the support of the sans-culottes
- The republic of virtue, as envisioned by Robespierre, meant support for the republican government and renunciation of selfish gains from political life
- The policies associated with terror in the name of republican virtue included the exclusion of women from active political life and the de-Christianization of France
- The Society of Revolutionary Republican Women, initially welcomed by the Jacobin leaders, became increasingly radical and was eventually banned in October 1793
- Olympe de Gouges, author of the Declaration of the Rights of Woman, was guillotined in November 1793 for opposing the Terror
- The Republic of Virtue attempted to de-Christianize France, establishing a new revolutionary calendar and closing churches
- The radical religious policy of de-Christianization alienated parts of the French provinces from the revolutionary government in Paris
- The Reign of Terror manifested itself in revolutionary tribunals, established by the Convention during the summer of 1793
- The mandate of the revolutionary tribunals was to try the enemies of the republic, but the definition of who was an "enemy" shifted over time
- The Terror of the revolutionary tribunals systematized and channeled the popular resentment that had manifested itself in the September Massacres of 1792
- Those condemned by the revolutionary tribunals in Paris were beheaded on the guillotine
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Description
Test your knowledge of Robespierre's justification of the "Republic of Virtue" and the use of terror during the French Revolution. Explore the factors that led to the dispensation of legal due process and the Committee of Public Safety's role in justifying the use of terror.
