French Revolution and Industrialization
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Questions and Answers

What year did the French Revolution begin?

  • 1847
  • 1825
  • 1861
  • 1789 (correct)

    • Which document was published in 1847?

  • Communist Manifesto (correct)
  • Trade Union Act
  • Dominion Trade & Labour Congress
  • British North American Act

    • When did limited collective bargaining begin in England?

  • 1886
  • 1825 (correct)
  • 1864
  • 1871

    • What significant event began in the U.S. during 1861?

    <p>Civil War</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What act in 1871 laid the groundwork for modern labour relations in England?

    <p>Trade Union Act</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization was established following the formation of the American Federation of Labour in 1886?

    <p>Dominion Trade &amp; Labour Congress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant outcome of the British North American Act passed in 1864?

    <p>Birth of Canada</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which year marks the foundation of the Canadian Dominion Trade & Labour Congress?

    <p>1886</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant legislation was established in Canada to recognize organized labour in 1907?

    <p>The Industrial Disputes Investigation Act</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What wage increase did the Ford Motor Company implement in 1914?

    <p>$5.00 for eight hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which U.S. act, passed in 1933, provided employees the right to organize and bargain collectively?

    <p>The National Industrial Recovery Act</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary effect of the Wagner Act enacted in 1935?

    <p>It required employers to bargain with employee representatives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What two major labor organizations merged to form the AFL-CIO in 1955?

    <p>AFL and CIO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Canadian labor congress was formed when TLC and CLC rejoined?

    <p>Canadian Labour Congress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which act was ruled to be under provincial jurisdiction in 1925?

    <p>The Industrial Disputes Investigation Act</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a result of American influence on Canadian labor relations?

    <p>A rise in membership in U.S.-based unions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered the foundation of modern labor relations in the U.S.?

    <p>The Wagner Act</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year did the U.S. National Labour Relation Act become law?

    <p>1935</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common demand by employees during labor management negotiations?

    <p>Enhanced benefits and compensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible impact of collective bargaining on employees?

    <p>Access to better grievance procedures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the certification process for a labor union involve?

    <p>Establishing a bargaining unit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a common pressure that affects management during labor negotiations?

    <p>Demands from stockholders and boards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one potential outcome for employers resulting from collective bargaining?

    <p>Loss of managerial discretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a primary objective of militants during the third industrial revolution?

    <p>To prevent job loss caused by technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of the fourth industrial revolution?

    <p>Advancements in Artificial Intelligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the basic principle of industrial and labour relations typically involve?

    <p>Collective agreements between employees and employers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is responsible for enforcing labour relation legislation in Canada?

    <p>Labour Relation Boards (LRBs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Labour Relation Boards (LRBs)?

    <p>To manage collective agreements and related procedures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can violations of provisions established by Labour Relation Boards be treated as?

    <p>Civil offences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are members of Labour Relation Boards typically appointed?

    <p>By government recommendation from employers and unions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do Labour Relation Boards NOT perform?

    <p>Conducting criminal investigations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about strikes and lockouts is true?

    <p>Employees have the right to strike while employers can lock out</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one impact of the third industrial revolution on labor?

    <p>Increased use of digital technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a unique characteristic of industrial and labour relations in construction?

    <p>Cyclical and seasonal labor fluctuations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically included in a Pre-Job conference for construction projects?

    <p>Preliminary information about labor agreements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common issue faced by labour in construction regarding work conditions?

    <p>Discontent over overtime pay and accommodations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The allocation of labor in construction is often based on which of the following?

    <p>Craft jurisdiction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which entities typically cooperate to administer apprenticeship and training programs in construction?

    <p>Contractor associations, unions, and government agencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What usually characterizes disputes between construction unions and contractors?

    <p>They are often long and contentious</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a characteristic of labour relations in construction?

    <p>Employee representation in meetings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major factor impacting labor availability in construction?

    <p>Cyclical market trends</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of strikes are common in the construction industry?

    <p>Illegal strikes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do contractor associations play in labour relations?

    <p>They help administer training programs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Historical Context of Labor Relations

    • The French Revolution initiated in 1789 was influenced by the American challenge to England, impacting labor movements.
    • Rapid advancements in science led to industrial applications, with engineers seeking practical uses for new discoveries.
    • Workers began to challenge ruling classes, demanding better working conditions, resulting in widespread illegal strikes and disruptions.

    Evolution of Labor Laws

    • Collective bargaining in England was limited to wages and hours starting in 1825.
    • Karl Marx published the Communist Manifesto in 1847, influencing labor movements globally.
    • Trade unionism in Canada was emerging, inspired by progressive labor laws in England.
    • In the early 19th century, American labor still drew heavily from British practices but underwent shifts with the 2nd Industrial Revolution focused on electricity.

    Key Legislative Milestones

    • The Trade Union Act of 1871 in England legalized collective action, marking a significant turn in labor relations.
    • The British North American Act was passed in 1864, leading to the formation of Canada in 1867.
    • The American Federation of Labour (AFL) was established in 1886; in Canada, the Dominion Trade & Labour Congress (TLC) arose in the same year.
    • Strikes were legalized in Canada by the Canadian Criminal Law Amendment Act of 1872.

    Developments in the 20th Century

    • The early 1900s saw lawful strikes and peaceful picketing in Canada, with the Industrial Disputes Investigation Act of 1907 acknowledging organized labor.
    • Ford Motor Company raised wages in 1914, exemplifying improved labor conditions.
    • The National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933 mandated collective bargaining rights for employees in the U.S.
    • In 1935, AFL in the U.S. restructured into the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), while in Canada, the TLC formed the Canadian Labour Congress (CLC).

    Modern Labor Relations Framework

    • The Wagner Act of 1935 in the U.S. established foundational rights for employees to organize and bargain collectively, influencing Canada significantly.
    • The reunification of AFL and CIO in 1955 formed AFL-CIO in the U.S.; similarly, TLC rejoined to form CLC in Canada.
    • The late 20th century brought the third industrial revolution, marked by advancements in computers and the internet, leading to more assertive labor movements against job losses.

    Principles of Industrial & Labor Relations

    • Establishing rules for the right to unionize and orderly strike or lockout procedures is essential for labor relations.
    • Laws reflect court decisions regarding labor and management and are operationalized through collective agreements.
    • Labour Relation Boards (LRBs) oversee the negotiation and implementation of collective agreements, administering relevant legislation without criminal law involvement.

    Unique Characteristics of Construction Labor Relations

    • Construction wages and conditions are determined regionally, with work operations assigned based on craft jurisdiction.
    • Projects utilize a shared labor pool, and apprenticeship programs are cooperated by contractors, unions, and government entities.
    • Labor faces cyclical and seasonal fluctuations, contributing to disputes over wages and working conditions.
    • Issues on projects include illegal strikes and grievances related to accommodations and overtime.
    • Pre-Job conferences are conducted to inform unions about project particulars, fostering a cooperative approach among stakeholders.

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    Description

    Explore the key events and developments during the French Revolution starting in 1789, including the impact of American influence and advances in science and engineering. Understand the rise of labor movements and the push for better working conditions amidst industrial progress. This quiz covers significant social and political changes of the era.

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