French and Indian War Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What was the cause of the French and Indian War?

The cause of the French and Indian War was triggered by Britain and France wanting power of North America. Both desired control over the Ohio Valley.

What led up to the war?

The French governor sent people to the Ohio River to engrave plates indicating the land belonged to France, while Virginian fur trader Christopher Gist searched for a settlement location.

Why did most Indian tribes side with the French over the English?

Many Native Americans sided with the French because the French were trappers and traders who respected the Indians and did not destroy their hunting grounds.

Who owned the Ohio Valley first?

The French Signup and view all the answers

Who were among the allies of the French?

Huron and Algonquins Signup and view all the answers

Who was Joseph Brant?

He was a valuable Mohawk ally to the English who later became a Christian and helped translate the Bible into the Mohawk language. Signup and view all the answers

Who were the allies of the English?

Iroquois Signup and view all the answers

What happened to young George Washington in his first military engagement at the age of 22?

George Washington escaped death on a dangerous mission and was rewarded to be a colonel for successfully delivering a message. Signup and view all the answers

Where did the representatives from the seven colonies meet to discuss the Albany Plan of Union?

Albany, NY Signup and view all the answers

What was included in the proposal of the Albany Plan of Union?

The plan was to create one general government for the whole 13 colonies. Signup and view all the answers

What did the Albany Plan of Union take care of?

Raising taxes, making laws, and setting up a defense. Signup and view all the answers

What would be good about having one general government for the whole 13 colonies?

If there is a report of an attack, there would be only one place to send word to. Signup and view all the answers

What did the colonial assemblies think of the Albany Plan of Union?

None of the colonies approved, but they liked the idea because they didn’t want to give away any of their power to a central council. Signup and view all the answers

In this conflict, what were the advantages of the French? (Select all that apply)

The French respected Native Americans Signup and view all the answers

In this conflict, what were the advantages of the English? (Select all that apply)

The English colonies were 15 times greater than the French colonies Signup and view all the answers

What were the consequences of the Treaty of Paris?

The Treaty of Paris ended French power over North America, resulting in Britain gaining Canada and all French lands east of the Mississippi River. Signup and view all the answers

Who was William Pitt?

In 1757, William Pitt became the new leader of the British government and succeeded in winning the war in North America. Signup and view all the answers

What did James Wolfe do?

He was sent by Pitt to take Quebec. Signup and view all the answers

Why was Quebec important to the French?

Quebec was vital to the defense of New France as it supplied their forts farther up the St. Lawrence River. Signup and view all the answers

Where did the French supply their forts?

Farther up the St. Lawrence River Signup and view all the answers

Who was Edward Braddock?

Braddock was the General in charge of British forces in North America during the early stages of the French and Indian War. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Causes of the French and Indian War

Competition for power in North America drove both Britain and France to conflict, specifically control over the Ohio Valley.

Prelude to War

The French governor marked territories in the Ohio Valley as belonging to France, escalating tensions.
Virginia fur trader Christopher Gist, sent by the Ohio Company, chose a settlement site at the confluence of the Ohio and Allegheny rivers.
Conflict arose from overlapping territorial claims, leading to confrontations between the two powers.

Native American Alliances

Native American tribes faced a choice between supporting the French or English, with many siding with the French.
The French's non-invasive practices towards land and respect for tribal cultures attracted Native American allies; they primarily engaged in trapping and trade rather than farming.

Historical Claims

The French were the original sovereigns of the Ohio Valley before British encroachment.

Key Native American Groups

The Hurons were significant allies of the French, acting as intermediaries with other tribes.
The Iroquois were crucial allies for the English, competing against the Hurons and Algonquins.

George Washington's Early Career

Young George Washington, at age 22, undertook a critical mission to warn against French encroachment, successfully delivering the message and earning a promotion to colonel.

Albany Plan of Union

Representatives from seven colonies gathered in Albany, New York, to discuss forming a united government for the 13 colonies.
The proposal aimed to manage collective issues such as defense, taxes, and legislative authority.

Colonial Reactions to Albany Plan

Although the concept was supported, none of the colonial assemblies approved it due to reluctance in relinquishing power to a central authority.

Strategic Advantages in the War

The French enjoyed advantages such as a unified government enabling rapid mobilization, a greater number of Native American allies, and a respectful approach to Indian treaties.
The English boasted larger colonial populations and a more manageable defensive position due to the geographic distribution of their settlements.

Treaty of Paris Consequences

The Treaty of Paris ended French dominance in North America, granting Britain control over Canada and all French territory east of the Mississippi River, ushering in an era of peace.

Leadership and Military Strategies

William Pitt became the head of the British government in 1757, known for his bold leadership that helped secure victories, including the fall of Quebec.
James Wolfe was dispatched to capture Quebec, a strategic stronghold for the French, crucial for their defense.

Importance of Quebec

Quebec was critical for the French military supply chain, vital for supporting forts along the St. Lawrence River.

Edward Braddock

Braddock was a key British general involved in early military efforts during the conflict, though his specific actions in this context were not fully detailed.

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Description

Explore the key concepts behind the French and Indian War with these flashcards. Learn about the causes and events that led to this pivotal conflict between Britain and France over control of North America.