16 Questions
What is the purpose of leaving a gap between the lyophilizing machine and stopper?
To accommodate water molecules during lyophilization
Why is it necessary to lower the temperature and pressure to create a vacuum during lyophilization?
To create ice without forming a liquid first
What happens to the pH when using a phosphate buffer at lower temperatures during lyophilization?
The pH decreases due to lower solubility of phosphate salt at lower temperatures
Why is it advised not to use a phosphate buffer for unstable molecules during lyophilization?
Phosphate salt has lower solubility at lower temperatures, leading to pH changes
What is the likely stress encountered by protein molecules during freezing and drying that could cause degradation?
b and c
What is the likely outcome to the residual water content in the powder using a drying gas with high temperature and low humidity at a high aspirator flow?
Low
What method can be used to detect aggregation in proteins?
SDS-page electrophoresis
Which spectroscopic method provides insights into aromatic residues, disulfide bonds, and tertiary structures?
Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, specifically the near Uv CD (>240)
What does ionic exchange HPLC separate proteins based on?
Charge
What does Size Exclusion HPLC detect in proteins?
Aggregation
What is the primary purpose of spray freeze drying?
To reduce residual moisture in the powder
What is the likely effect of phosphate buffers on pH at lower temperatures?
Increase in pH
What is the likely impact of phosphate buffers on stability for unstable molecules?
Negative impact
What is the primary function of a phosphate buffer?
To maintain pH
What is the purpose of spray drying gas with high temperature and low humidity?
To reduce residual moisture in the powder
What is the likely outcome of increasing aspirator air flow in the spray drying process?
Increase in cyclone efficiency for powder collection
Take this quiz to test your knowledge of freeze-drying (lyophilization) and learn about the methods to produce proteins in a dry form. Explore the steps involved in the process and understand the key factors for successful protein preservation.
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