IAH 203 PPT 18: Populism & Militarism in the Southern Cone
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Questions and Answers

Which industry is used as an example of heavy industry in the text?

  • Inca Cola production in Peru
  • Automobile assembly in Argentina (correct)
  • Oil drilling in Venezuela
  • Tourism in Mexico

    • Who is mentioned as a specific success story related to industrial conglomerates in Brazil?

  • El Buen Tono
  • Ceveza Moctezuma
  • Inca Cola
  • Francesco Matarazzo (correct)

    • In which country did the Radical 'Prestes Column' movement occur?

  • Mexico
  • Argentina (correct)
  • Peru
  • Venezuela

    • Who was the Brazilian businessman known for owning 365 factories at the time of his death?

    <p>Francesco Matarazzo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country is associated with the emergence of labor movements between 1900-1945?

    <p>Brazil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Prestes Column', 'tenente', and 'barracks revolt' are associated with which military-related event?

    <p>Brazilian armed forces events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event led to Perón's return to Argentina and election as president?

    <p>Military coup in Argentina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who became the president of Argentina after Juan Perón's death?

    <p>Isabel Martínez de Perón</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tragic event occurred during the Military Dictatorship in Argentina known as 'The Dirty War'?

    <p>20,000 to 30,000 'disappearances'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What group emerged in response to the disappearances during the Military Dictatorship in Argentina?

    <p>Children of the Plaza de Mayo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did DNA analysis play in the aftermath of the Military Dictatorship in Argentina?

    <p>Identifying children born during captivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country invited Prussian soldiers to train their military along with Chile and Argentina?

    <p>Brazil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country occupied the Falklands/Malvinas in the 1820s before it was taken over by England in 1833?

    <p>Argentina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who defeated Argentina in the Falklands/Malvinas War in just two months?

    <p>England</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the President of Argentina from 1983 to 1989, leading the country back to democracy?

    <p>Raúl Alfonsín</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country is known to have developed a strong military by emulating Prussian tactics?

    <p>Chile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country experienced significant emigration from Germany, France, and Italy in the late 19th century?

    <p>Chile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which South American country beat Peru and Bolivia during the 'War of the Pacific' (1879-1883)?

    <p>Chile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Salvador Allende do during his presidency in terms of nationalization?

    <p>Nationalized banks, telephone, and electric companies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did U.S. President Nixon respond to Allende's actions in Chile?

    <p>Blocked loans to the Chilean government</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the consequences of Allende nationalizing the lucrative copper mines in Chile?

    <p>Decrease in aid from the U.S.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which year did Salvador Allende become the President of Chile?

    <p>1970</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the demands of Allende's supporters (the workers and nationalists)?

    <p>Fast reforms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which democratic strategy is mentioned as requiring at least 45% of the vote for a candidate to win?

    <p>Argentina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of system did Pinochet adopt after 'un-socializing' the economy?

    <p>Orthodox, free-market system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did tens of thousands of Allende supporters flee the country?

    <p>Due to political persecution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What vote in 1988 led to Pinochet being removed from power?

    <p>Plebiscite vote</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Pinochet become after stepping down in 1990?

    <p>Senator for Life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the plebiscite vote in 1988 regarding Pinochet?

    <p>'No' vote was 56%, leading to Pinochet's removal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one major economic strategy implemented in Latin America between 1935-1980 as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Import substitution industrialization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following industries was NOT mentioned in the text as part of Latin America's economic development?

    <p>Aerospace</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the military dictator that ruled Chile after the fall of Salvador Allende as detailed in the text?

    <p>Augusto Pinochet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a common outcome in both Argentina and Chile after periods of military dictatorship, as described in the text?

    <p>Restoration of democracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which South American country experienced a significant return to democracy after a period of military rule as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Uruguay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a key aspect of economic development mentioned in the text about Latin American countries during the period 1935-1980?

    <p>Emphasis on import substitution industrialization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a key feature of Prussian military influence mentioned in the text?

    <p>Strict discipline and professionalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the first democratically-elected president after the fall of the military government in Argentina?

    <p>Raúl Alfonsín</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant outcome of Juan Perón's presidency (1972-74) in Argentina?

    <p>Modernizing the military forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a common purpose for professionalizing the armed forces in the Southern Cone according to the text?

    <p>Defeating regional caudillos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 'Dirty War' in Argentina involved which group protesting against the disappearances?

    <p>'The disappeared'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event led to the return of President Juan Perón in Argentina?

    <p>'The Barracks Revolt'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the main focuses of populists to attract voters?

    <p>Offering to build schools and hospitals for the working class</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What communication tools did populists use to connect with the public?

    <p>Radio, newspapers, and television</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did populists differentiate themselves in their speeches?

    <p>By using socialist rhetoric such as class struggle and workers' rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a common promise made by populists regarding industries?

    <p>To nationalize railroads and other key industries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who were the main supporters of the populists?

    <p>The urban working class and the poor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did populists aim to engage more citizens in the political process?

    <p>By increasing electoral participation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main reason given by some for preferring a dictator over a democracy in Brazil during Vargas' presidency?

    <p>The dictator protected capitalism better than a democracy embracing socialism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the key actions taken by Getúlio Vargas after becoming president in 1930?

    <p>Creating powerful government ministries for labor, commerce, and industry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In 1937, what action did Getúlio Vargas take that led to the establishment of a dictatorship in Brazil?

    <p>Closed Congress and declared 'Estado Novo'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event led to Getúlio Vargas being deposed in 1945?

    <p>A bloodless coup</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Getúlio Vargas's second presidency end in 1954?

    <p>He committed suicide amid political scandal and military threat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Getúlio Vargas align Brazil during World War II?

    <p>He aligned with the US and received aid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event led to Pinochet being removed from power in 1990?

    <p>Plebiscite vote in 1988</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action was NOT taken during the reign of Pinochet in Chile?

    <p>Reinstatement of political freedoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the 'no' vote in the 1988 Plebiscite regarding Pinochet?

    <p>56%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the vote in the 1988 Plebiscite signify for those voting 'No'?

    <p>Desire for a change in leadership</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action resulted in Pinochet being granted the status of 'Senator for Life' temporarily?

    <p>Stepping down in 1990</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of anarchism as described in the text?

    <p>To dismantle hierarchical government and promote voluntary cooperation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why were most union members not considered anarchists according to the text?

    <p>They supported traditional conceptions of authority</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How was anarcho-syndicalism different from traditional unions?

    <p>It involved industries being owned and managed by workers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why were labor movements like anarcho-syndicalism seen as a threat to traditional concepts?

    <p>They promoted voluntary cooperation without force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way did labor movements vary in their approaches according to the text?

    <p>In the methods they used to achieve their goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the key aspects of populists' speeches that helped differentiate them from traditional politicians?

    <p>They spoke in the new rhetoric of socialism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who primarily supported the populists in Chile and Argentina?

    <p>Working class and poor individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant promise made by populists regarding the economy?

    <p>To nationalize railroads and industries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which communication tools did populists use to connect with the public?

    <p>Radio, newspapers, and television</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one major focus of populists to attract followers in Chile and Argentina?

    <p>Nurturing class struggle rhetoric</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a common policy advocated by populists to engage more citizens in the political process?

    <p>Increasing electoral participation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did the traditional elite oppose left-wing populists?

    <p>Because they saw left-wing populists as progressive and dangerous.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group primarily supported the populists according to the text?

    <p>Urban workers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drove the poor to support populists?

    <p>Need for social services like schools and health facilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why were some members of the middle class willing to support dictators?

    <p>Because they wanted economic stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group preferred political and economic stability over progressive change?

    <p>Successful capitalists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiated the urban workers' support for populists from the support of intellectuals and students?

    <p>The need for social services like schools and health facilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the reason behind Henry Kissinger's statement regarding Chile going communist?

    <p>Fear of leftist politicians gaining too much power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the fate of Miguel Enriquez, the founder of Chile's MIR and a resistance leader against Pinochet?

    <p>Murdered by DINA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the most significant outcome of Pinochet's rule in terms of human rights abuse?

    <p>Torture and killing of around 3,000 individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group was primarily targeted during Pinochet's regime?

    <p>High school and university students</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What signified the disappearances that occurred during Pinochet's rule?

    <p>A deliberate strategy to instill fear in the population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How would you best describe the CIA's involvement in Chile during Allende's presidency?

    <p>'Democracy protection' through supporting anti-Allende forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the plebiscite vote in 1988 regarding Pinochet?

    <p>It ended the military dictatorship in Chile.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Pinochet become after stepping down in 1990?

    <p>Senator for Life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who won the presidential elections in Chile in 1989 after Pinochet was removed from power?

    <p>Patricio Aylwin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action did Pinochet take to 'un-socialize' the economy?

    <p>Privatized lands and companies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the result of the 'no' vote in the 1988 Plebiscite regarding Pinochet?

    <p>Pinochet was removed from power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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