F. Tularensis

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Questions and Answers

Which subspecies of Francisella tularensis is the most virulent?

F. tularensis subspecies holarctica (Type B)
F. tularensis subspecies tularensis (Type A) (correct)
F. tularensis subspecies mediasiatica
F. tularensis subspecies novicida

Which of the following best describes the host range of Francisella tularensis?

Limited to wild rodents only
Infects mammals but not birds or reptiles
Affects a wide range of wild and domestic mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians (correct)
Only infects humans and livestock

What are the primary reservoirs of Francisella tularensis?

Bats and primates
Rodents and lagomorphs (correct)
Domestic dogs and cats
Cattle and deer

Which of the following is NOT a main route of transmission for Francisella tularensis?

Sexual transmission (C) Signup and view all the answers

How can humans or animals become infected with Francisella tularensis?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following arthropods can act as vectors for Francisella tularensis?

Ticks and biting insects (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why is Francisella tularensis considered a significant public health concern?

It has a low infectious dose and can spread through multiple routes (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the morphology of Francisella tularensis?

Small, pleomorphic, Gram-negative coccobacilli (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of metabolism does Francisella tularensis exhibit?

Strictly aerobic (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does Francisella tularensis primarily persist in the environment?

By being highly resistant and surviving for months in water, soil, and carcasses (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key survival advantage of Francisella tularensis as a pathogen?

Its ability to survive inside host macrophages (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding Francisella tularensis?

It is a facultative intracellular, non-motile, non-spore-forming, Gram-negative coccobacillus (C) Signup and view all the answers

Francisella tularensis is mainly in the southern hemisphere

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the disease name for francisella tularensis?

Tularemia Signup and view all the answers

Why is tularemia considered a significant public health concern?

It is highly invasive with high morbidity and mortality (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the infectious dose of Francisella tularensis?

Less than 10 bacteria (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical incubation period for tularemia?

3–5 days (range: 1–21 days) (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the lesion pattern seen in tularemia?

Miliary, white to off-white foci of necrosis in the liver, spleen, lung, and lymph nodes (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor influences the clinical signs of tularemia in an infected animal or human?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What are common systemic symptoms of tularemia?

Fever, lymphadenopathy, and cutaneous ulcers (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are the four forms of Francisella tularensis?

Ulcerglandular , glandular, oropharyngeal and pneumonic form Signup and view all the answers

Which is the most common clinical form of tularemia?

Ulceroglandular form (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the ulceroglandular form of tularemia?

It involves painful maculopapular lesions that develop into ulcers with regional lymphadenopathy (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does the glandular form of tularemia differ from the ulceroglandular form?

It involves lymphadenopathy without an ulcer (B) Signup and view all the answers

The oropharyngeal form of tularemia primarily occurs after:

Ingestion of contaminated food or water (D) Signup and view all the answers

What are the key symptoms of the oropharyngeal form of tularemia?

Ulcerative-exudative stomatitis, pharyngitis, and excessive neck lymphadenitis (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which route of infection leads to the pneumonic form of tularemia?

Inhalation of contaminated aerosols (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary clinical signs of pneumonic tularemia?

Pneumonia, cough, chest pain, increased respiratory rate Signup and view all the answers

Tularemia may affect sheep, horses and adult pigs

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which animal group is considered resistant to Tularemia?

adult pigs and cattle Signup and view all the answers

The ____ is essential for serum resistance in Francesella

Capsule Signup and view all the answers

Which leukocyte doe F. Tularensis reside in?

Macrophages (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does phase variation of Francisella tularensis lipopolysaccharides (LPS) affect the immune response?

It affects their antigenicity Signup and view all the answers

Unlike classical endotoxins, the LPS of Francisella tularensis:

Lacks the typical endotoxin properties (C) Signup and view all the answers

What biosafety level (BSL) laboratory is required to handle Francisella tularensis samples?

BSL-3 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diagnostic methods can be used to detect Francisella tularensis?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic makes Francisella tularensis difficult to culture?

It is a fastidious organism with specific growth requirements (B) Signup and view all the answers

There is no vaccine available for F. Tularensis, so prevention relies on other control measures

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are the prevention and control measures for F. Tularensis ?

Ectoparasitic control, elimination from contaminated waters, wildlife exposures Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Most Virulent F. tularensis Subspecies

F. tularensis subspecies tularensis (Type A)

Host Range of F. tularensis

Affects a wide range of wild and domestic mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians.