Francis Crick and James Watson Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What was one of the primary focuses of Francis Crick's research after moving to the USA in 1976?

  • Acoustic engineering
  • Human consciousness (correct)
  • Quantum mechanics
  • Protein synthesis

Which significant scientific publication featured Crick and Watson's work on DNA?

  • Nature (correct)
  • Science
  • Physical Review
  • Cell

What was Francis Crick's educational background before his career in biology?

  • Chemistry
  • Engineering
  • Physics (correct)
  • Mathematics

In which year did Francis Crick complete his PhD?

<p>1954 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organization awarded Francis Crick a Nobel Prize in 1962?

<p>The Nobel Foundation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of James Watson's significant contributions to biological research?

<p>Discovery of the DNA double helix structure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age did James Watson begin his university education?

<p>15 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which prestigious project did James Watson lead in 1989?

<p>The Human Genome Project (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where did Watson conduct significant research before returning to Cambridge?

<p>University of California, Berkeley (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which year did Watson become a professor of biology at Harvard?

<p>1960 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the main components of DNA identified by scientists?

<p>Phosphoric acid and sugar backbone with four bases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist's data significantly aided Crick and Watson in their discovery of DNA's structure?

<p>Rosalind Franklin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the unique approach Crick and Watson used to determine the DNA structure?

<p>Building 3D models based on chemical properties (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant accomplishment occurred in 1953 regarding DNA research?

<p>Publication of Crick and Watson's findings (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about Oswald Avery's 1944 discovery?

<p>Avery showed that DNA carries genetic information (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long did it take Crick and Watson to develop their final DNA model once they had all the necessary information?

<p>Three days (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the significant consequences of the discovery of DNA's structure?

<p>Advancements in genetic engineering and understanding inherited conditions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes the nature of the collaboration between Crick and Watson?

<p>They utilized interdisciplinary knowledge to inform their work (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary contribution of Franklin to the discovery of DNA's structure?

<p>Production of Photograph 51 showing DNA's double helix (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the pairing of DNA bases is correct?

<p>A pairs with T, and G pairs with C (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of Wilkins' actions concerning Franklin's data?

<p>It prompted Watson and Crick's successful modeling of DNA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature distinguishes the structure of DNA described as resembling a twisted ladder?

<p>Phosphodiester strands forming the sides (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which year did Watson and Crick complete their DNA model?

<p>1953 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the main scientific impacts of Watson and Crick's discovery of DNA?

<p>Enabled advancements in genetic engineering techniques (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately reflects the recognition of Franklin's contribution?

<p>Franklin's contribution was not fully acknowledged during her time (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What materials did Watson and Crick use to create their 3D model of DNA?

<p>Paper and metal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

X-ray Diffraction

The process of determining the structure of a molecule using X-ray diffraction. This technique involves shining X-rays at a crystal and analyzing the pattern of diffracted beams to infer the arrangement of atoms within the molecule.

Who was Francis Crick?

Francis Crick was a British biophysicist who made groundbreaking contributions to molecular biology, notably the discovery of the structure of DNA, deciphering the genetic code, and research on the brain and consciousness.

What is the structure of DNA?

The double helix structure of DNA, where two strands of nucleotides are twisted around each other like a ladder, with the bases pairing up in a specific way.

What is the genetic code?

The set of rules that determines how the sequence of nucleotides in DNA is translated into the sequence of amino acids in proteins.

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What is neurobiology?

The study of the brain and its functions, particularly those involved in thinking, learning, and consciousness.

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Who is James Watson?

James Watson, a renowned American geneticist and biophysicist, made a significant contribution to biology by co-discovering the double helix structure of DNA.

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What did Watson study in his early education?

Watson's early career included a zoology degree earned at age 15 at the University of Chicago, followed by a PhD in virus research at Indiana University.

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Who did Watson collaborate with for the DNA discovery?

Watson collaborated with Francis Crick, a British biophysicist, at the Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge. Their work led to the discovery of the DNA double helix structure.

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What prestigious award did Watson receive for his work on DNA?

Watson's research earned him a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1962, sharing the honor with Crick and Maurice Wilkins.

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What other important projects did Watson contribute to?

Watson's impact on biology extends beyond the DNA discovery, including leading the Human Genome Project, which aimed to map all human genes. He also authored influential texts on biology.

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DNA Replication

The process of copying DNA, ensuring that each new cell receives a complete set of genetic instructions.

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Nucleotides

The building blocks of DNA, composed of a sugar, a phosphate group, and one of four nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C).

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Base Pairing

The two strands of DNA are held together by hydrogen bonds between the bases.

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Crick & Watson's Discovery

The discovery of DNA's double helix structure was groundbreaking, revolutionizing our understanding of heredity and leading to advancements in genetics and medicine.

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What is DNA?

The molecule that carries genetic information, composed of a sugar-phosphate backbone and four nitrogenous bases: adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine.

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Genetic Code

The arrangement of nucleotides in DNA determines the sequence of amino acids in proteins, which in turn influences our traits.

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Transcription

The process of converting the information in DNA into RNA, which then directs protein synthesis.

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Translation

The process of using the information in RNA to synthesize proteins.

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What is the shape of DNA?

DNA is shaped like a twisted ladder, with two strands of nucleotides winding around each other.

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What makes up the sides of the DNA ladder?

The sides of the DNA ladder are made of alternating sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate groups.

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What makes up the rungs of the DNA ladder?

The rungs of the DNA ladder are made of pairs of nitrogenous bases, held together by hydrogen bonds.

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What are the base pairing rules in DNA?

Adenine (A) always pairs with Thymine (T), and Cytosine (C) always pairs with Guanine (G).

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What did Chargaff's rules state?

Erwin Chargaff discovered that the amount of adenine (A) in DNA always equals the amount of thymine (T), and the amount of cytosine (C) always equals the amount of guanine (G).

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What was the significance of the discovery of DNA's structure?

The discovery of the double helix structure of DNA by Watson and Crick was a groundbreaking moment in science.

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How did the discovery of DNA's structure impact our understanding of inheritance?

The discovery by Watson and Crick helped scientists understand how genetic information is passed down from one generation to the next.

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Who won a Nobel Prize for the discovery of DNA's structure?

Watson, Crick, and Wilkins won a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discovery of the double helix structure of DNA.

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