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Questions and Answers
What is the main advantage of Django's project and app structure?
What is the main advantage of Django's project and app structure?
What is the command to create a new app within a Django project?
What is the command to create a new app within a Django project?
What is the purpose of the models in Django?
What is the purpose of the models in Django?
What is the purpose of the admin.site.register(Book) command?
What is the purpose of the admin.site.register(Book) command?
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What is the purpose of running migrations?
What is the purpose of running migrations?
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What is the command to create a superuser?
What is the command to create a superuser?
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What is the purpose of running the development server?
What is the purpose of running the development server?
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What is the directory structure of a new app in Django?
What is the directory structure of a new app in Django?
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What is the purpose of the __str__ method in a Django model?
What is the purpose of the __str__ method in a Django model?
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What is the URL to access the Django admin interface?
What is the URL to access the Django admin interface?
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Study Notes
Framework vs Library
- A framework is in control, while a library is controlled by the developer
- Frameworks provide a structure for applications, with predefined places for code
- Libraries are tools used as needed, without imposing on application design or flow
Django Framework
- High-level Python web framework
- Encourages rapid development and clean, pragmatic design
- Built by experienced developers to take care of web development hassles
- Particularly good for developing complex, data-driven websites
- Follows the "Don't Repeat Yourself" (DRY) principle
- Offers a "batteries-included" approach, providing many features out of the box
Setting up a Django Project
- Install Django using pip
- Create a new project using
django-admin startproject mysite - Start the development server using
python manage.py runserver
Creating a Django App
- Create a new app using
python manage.py startapp myapp - An app is a self-contained module that handles specific functionality
- A project can contain multiple apps, each encapsulating different aspects of functionality
Template, Model, and View
- Models: Python classes that define the structure of the database
- Views: Python functions or classes that receive and respond to web requests
- Templates: Files that describe the structure of the output (usually HTML)
Django App Structure
- A Django project can contain multiple apps, each handling separate parts of the project's functionality
- Apps are scalable, maintainable, and reusable
- Separate apps help in structuring code, making it easier to understand and modify
- Apps can be reused across different projects, making development more efficient### Django Web Apps
- A Django project is composed of multiple modules, each referred to as a Django web app.
- Each app serves as a modular component of the overall web application, handling a specific area of functionality.
- An app is essentially a Python package, containing models, views, templates, and other files related to that specific area of functionality.
Modular Approach
- The modular approach allows for independent development, testing, and maintenance of each part of the application.
- This approach also enables easy scaling of the application by adding new features or modifying existing ones without disrupting other parts of the system.
Django Project Structure
- When running
django-admin startproject testproject, Django creates a directory structure with several files, including:-
__init__.py: a Python convention for directories that should be treated as Python packages. -
asgi.py: ASGI application configuration for handling asynchronous requests. -
settings.py: stores Django project settings, such as database configuration, installed apps, middleware, templates, and more. -
urls.py: declares URLs of the Django project, mapping URL patterns to Python functions (views). -
wsgi.py: helps the Django project communicate with the web server. -
manage.py: a command-line utility for interacting with the Django project. -
db.sqlite3: the default SQLite database file where data is stored.
-
App Structure
- When creating an app within a Django project using
python manage.py startapp myapp, Django generates another set of files, including:-
models.py: defines data models (database schema) of the app. -
views.py: handles request/response logic of the app. -
apps.py: configures app-specific settings. -
admin.py: registers models for management through the Django admin interface. -
migrations/: stores migrations files for the app. -
tests.py: writes test cases for the app. -
urls.py(optional): organizes URLs for the app.
-
Next Steps
- Create an app within the Django project using
python manage.py startapp myapp. - Define a model in
models.py(e.g., aBookmodel with fields for title, author, and published date). - Register the model with the admin site in
admin.py. - Run migrations to apply the model's structure to the database using
python manage.py makemigrationsandpython manage.py migrate. - Create a superuser to access the admin panel using
python manage.py createsuperuser. - Run the development server and access the admin panel using
python manage.py runserver.
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Description
Learn about the key differences between frameworks and libraries in software development, including control flow and ecosystem.
