Management of Lower Limb Fractures

<p>It leads to increased callus formation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mal-union (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They permit partial transmission of load across the fracture site. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Compression plating and static locked intramedullary nails. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Slow. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Respiratory complications. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3 months. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They allow for micro motion at the fracture site. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Breathing exercises. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The plate may not withstand early loading due to stress. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To avoid hip flexion contractures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Quadriceps sets (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aids in toiletry and prevents decubitus ulcers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Length of hospital stay (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>104 degrees (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Day 2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To allow for easier hip elevation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Performing leg slides with ease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent stiffness, weakness &amp; atrophy of the free parts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Type II (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stage I and II (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Until fracture healing is demonstrated (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To maintain muscle function (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent adhesion formation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dependent on whether the fracture is open or closed (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Static and isometric exercises (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wound less than 1 cm long, minimal soft tissue damage with no signs of crush. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They involve a risk of infection at the time of operation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Perform open reduction of the fracture. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When accurate fracture reduction is needed after closed methods fail. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Type III fracture. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skeletal external fixation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To temporarily stabilize the fracture until definitive treatment is available. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wounds larger than 1 cm long with slight-to-moderate crushing injury. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Extent of soft tissue damage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Early bone grafting (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alcoholism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Progression to full unsupported weight bearing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreases hospital stay and pulmonary complications (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phase 2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Continual active ROM exercises (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3 months (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A set of guidelines for handling fractures, including understanding the healing process and various fixation methods.

The natural process where broken bones mend, involving various stages and factors influencing the speed and quality of the healing.

Different methods of surgically securing fractured bones, including plates, screws, and rods.

Fracture healing takes longer than expected.

Fracture doesn't heal at all.

Classifies open fractures based on wound size and soft tissue damage.

Open fracture with minimal soft tissue damage; wound less than 1 cm.

Open fracture with moderate soft tissue damage; wound more than 1 cm.

Open fracture with extensive soft tissue damage; severe wound.

Orderly steps in healing a fracture; wound care, reduction, fixation, and rehabilitation.

Fracture realignment without surgery; Usually with anesthesia.

Fracture realignment with surgery; Precise reduction.

Surgical fixation using devices like nails, plates, screws or wires.

A method of fracture fixation that doesn't provide rigid fixation, allowing partial load transmission across the fracture site, inducing secondary bone healing with callus formation.

A rigid method of fracture fixation that shields the fracture site from stress, holding fractured ends under compression with no motion. This leads to primary bone healing without callus formation.

Fracture healing without callus formation, a slower process requiring a longer period of immobilization.

Fracture healing with callus formation, often a faster process, involving the formation of new bone tissue; a natural healing process of a broken bone to repair itself.

Putting weight on a limb or part of the body .

Specific actions (breathing exercises) can help prevent difficulties in breathing.

Active exercises (isotonic), changing position frequently, and using air mattress can keep blood flowing efficiently.

The method used to heal a broken bone, impacting the type and speed of healing.

Open fractures have a higher risk of delayed or non-union healing compared to closed fractures.

Factors include injury mechanism, soft tissue damage, fracture stability, contamination, and neurovascular injuries.

Bone grafting is recommended when bone loss exceeds 50% of the cortical surface, usually after soft tissue stabilization.

Bone graft taken from the patient's own iliac crest, preferred for open fractures.

Active ROM exercises of the knee and foot are crucial to prevent contractures and deformities.

Early stabilization reduces complications like respiratory distress, fat embolism, and pneumonia.

Four phases: (1) mobilization and protected weight bearing, (2) strengthening and progressive weight bearing, (3) full weight bearing and agility training, and (4) resumption of normal activities.

Healing can be delayed in type III wounds due to extensive soft tissue damage.

A system to categorize intracapsular femoral neck fractures based on the degree of displacement and stability. Type I is an incomplete fracture or valgus impacted fracture. Type II is a complete fracture without displacement. Type III is a complete fracture with partial displacement of fracture fragments. Type IV is a complete fracture with total displacement of fracture fragments.

Stable fractures (Garden I, II) can be treated with internal fixation, allowing full weight bearing immediately. Unstable fractures (Garden III, IV) require a hip replacement, with weight bearing restrictions until healing.

Recovering after surgery involves exercises to regain range of motion, muscle strength, and overall function, tailored to the specifics of the fracture and surgery.

A fracture with minimal bone displacement, requiring internal fixation. Patients can usually walk immediately with no limitations on range of motion.

Severe fracture where bone fragments are separated. Internal fixation alone may not be sufficient, a hip replacement might be necessary.

Fracture occurring in the area below the femoral neck. Treatment is dependent on stability, ranging from compression screw devices to a static locked intramedullary nail.

Fracture occurring just below the lesser trochanter. Typically treated with a compression screw device and a static locked intramedullary nail.

Limits on how much weight a patient can put on their injured leg, depending on the severity of the fracture and healing progress.

A shortening or tightening of the hip flexor muscles that limits the range of motion of the hip joint, often a complication of prolonged immobilization after hip surgery.

Placing a patient in a position that minimizes stress and strain on the operative hip, such as side-lying or semi-reclined.

Using an overhead trapeze to assist with hip movement while minimizing stress on the operative site.

Gradually increasing the amount of weight placed on the healing hip joint during recovery.

Using the buoyancy of water to reduce stress on the hip joint while performing exercises to improve strength and mobility.

Regularly moving the feet up and down to promote blood circulation and prevent blood clots in the legs.

The requirements a patient must meet before being discharged from the hospital following hip surgery.

Exercises involving the patient moving the hip joint with assistance from a therapist or device.