FPT 101 A - IT Level 1: CPU and Motherboard Basics
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Questions and Answers

What is the full form of CPU?

  • Central Performance Unit
  • Central Power Unit
  • Central Processing Unit (correct)
  • Central Programmable Unit

    • What is the function of the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) in a CPU?

  • To store temporary data
  • To perform arithmetic and logical operations (correct)
  • To control the flow of instructions
  • To extract and decode instructions

    • What is the unit of measurement for CPU clock speed?

  • Kilohertz (kHz)
  • Megahertz (MHz)
  • Hertz (Hz) (correct)
  • Gigahertz (GHz)

    • What type of memory is RAM?

    <p>Volatile memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the capacity of RAM rated in?

    <p>Megabytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Control Unit (CU) in a CPU?

    <p>To extract, decode, and execute instructions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of memory is ROM?

    <p>Read-only memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the time it takes to read or write to RAM measured in?

    <p>Nanoseconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a scanner?

    <p>To captures images for computer editing and display</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a microphone?

    <p>To record voice and speech recognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a joystick also known as?

    <p>Game controller</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a trackball?

    <p>To detect a rotation of the ball</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a barcode reader also known as?

    <p>Both a and b</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of a webcam?

    <p>To transmit pictures over the Internet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What component holds the CPU, RAM, ROM, and other components?

    <p>Motherboard</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an electronic pen also known as?

    <p>Stylus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum storage capacity of a hard disk for personal computers?

    <p>2TB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of partitioning a hard disk into different drives?

    <p>For convenience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the capacity of a CD-ROM?

    <p>700 MB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the full form of DVD?

    <p>Digital Versatile Disk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum memory capacity of a flash disk?

    <p>2 GB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another name for a flash disk?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum storage capacity of a flash disk?

    <p>128 GB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are SD cards used for?

    <p>High-capacity flash memory storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which device is an example of an output device?

    <p>Printer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the CPU?

    <p>Execution of instructions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a PS/2?

    <p>A type of port</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of device is a hard disk?

    <p>Storage device</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is softcopy?

    <p>A digital document</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common term for a Visual Display Unit (VDU)?

    <p>Monitor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for CPU clock speed?

    <p>Cycles per second</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two primary memory types in a computer?

    <p>RAM and ROM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the full form of ROM?

    <p>Read Only Memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of output does a printer produce?

    <p>Hard copy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the full form of VDU?

    <p>Visual Display Unit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most used type of printer?

    <p>Laser and Inkjet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the storage capacity of a CD ROM?

    <p>From 650 MB to 700 MB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Flash memory also known as?

    <p>EEPROM, Memory Stick and Pen Drive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    CPU (Central Processing Unit)

    • CPU full form is a Central Processing Unit.
    • It is housed in a single chip called a microprocessor.
    • It is also known as the brain of the computer.
    • It runs the instructions of a computer program by performing arithmetic and logical operations.
    • CPU clock speed is measured in units of cycles per second, which is called a Hertz (Hz).
    • CPUs run at rates of millions and billions of Hertz, Mega Hertz (MHz), and generally in Giga Hertz (GHz).
    • The main parts of a Processor are:
      • Control Unit (CU), which extracts, decodes, and executes instructions from memory.
      • Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), which performs all arithmetic computations and comparison operations.
      • Registers (Temporary storage space)

    Memory

    • Two types of primary storage are located in the computer namely RAM and ROM.
    • RAM – Random Access Memory:
      • It is also known as Read-Write memory and main memory (Temporary memory).
      • RAM is a volatile memory.
      • Any information stored in RAM is lost when the computer is turned off.
      • The time it takes to read or write to it is measured in nanoseconds.
      • The capacity of the RAM is one of the factors that determine the power of the computer.
      • Its capacity is rated in megabytes.
    • ROM – Read Only Memory:
      • ROM has programs that are inbuilt at the factory.
      • The information in this memory cannot be written on or erased by the computer user.

    Input Devices

    • Scanner: an input device that captures images from photographic prints, posters, magazine pages, and similar sources for computer editing and display.
    • Touch Screen: the assembly of both an input ('touch panel') and output ('display') device.
    • Microphone: an input device used in computers for recording voice and speech recognition.
    • Joy Stick: an input device also called a game controller used with video games or entertainment systems to provide input for the video game.
    • Electronic Pen or a digital Pen or a stylus: a small pen-shaped instrument whose tip position on a computer monitor can be detected.
    • Trackball: a pointing input device consisting of a ball held by a socket containing sensors to detect a rotation of the ball.
    • Barcode Reader: a hand-held or stationary input device used to capture and read the information contained in a barcode.
    • Webcam: a digital video device commonly built into a computer.

    Motherboard

    • The motherboard is the main circuit board of a microcomputer that connects all system components to each other.
    • It holds the CPU, RAM, ROM, and other components.

    Storage Devices

    • Hard Disks: range from 500GB to 2TB (Terabytes) or even more.
    • Compact Disks (CDs):
      • Also known as an optical disk and is circular in shape.
      • A CD-ROM (read-only memory) is a compact disc that used the same laser technology as audio CDs for recording music.
      • The capacity of a CD-ROM is 700 MB of data.
      • CDs are used for storing music and large graphic files.
      • Three types of CDs: CD-ROM (Compact Disk – Read Only Memory), CD-R (Compact Disk – Recordable), and CD-RW (Compact Disk – Rewritable).
    • Digital Versatile Disk (DVD):
      • Holds a much larger amount of information (such as movies).
      • Holds 4.7 GB (Gigabytes) of data.
      • Different types of DVDs: DVD-Video, DVD-ROM, DVD+R, DVD+RW, DVD-RAM, and HD-DVD.
    • Flash Disk:
      • Also known as a USB drive (Universal Serial Bus) or Pen Drive or Memory Stick.
      • A portable storage system that holds a large amount of information.
      • Memory can be from 2 GB (Minimum) to 128 GB.
    • Secure Digital (SD) cards:
      • Small, high-capacity flash memory storage devices.

    Output Devices

    • Monitor:
      • Also known as Visual Display Unit (VDU) and Computer Screen.
      • Produces softcopy output.
    • Printer:
      • Produces hardcopy output.
      • Types of printers: Laser and Inkjet.

    Ports

    • USB port
    • Audio port
    • Parallel port
    • VGA port: used to connect the monitor.

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    Learn about the basic components of a computer, including the CPU, microprocessor, and expansion slots on a motherboard.

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