FPT 101 A - IT Level 1: CPU and Motherboard Basics
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Questions and Answers

What is the full form of CPU?

  • Central Performance Unit
  • Central Power Unit
  • Central Processing Unit (correct)
  • Central Programmable Unit

What is the function of the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) in a CPU?

  • To store temporary data
  • To perform arithmetic and logical operations (correct)
  • To control the flow of instructions
  • To extract and decode instructions

What is the unit of measurement for CPU clock speed?

  • Kilohertz (kHz)
  • Megahertz (MHz)
  • Hertz (Hz) (correct)
  • Gigahertz (GHz)

What type of memory is RAM?

<p>Volatile memory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the capacity of RAM rated in?

<p>Megabytes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Control Unit (CU) in a CPU?

<p>To extract, decode, and execute instructions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of memory is ROM?

<p>Read-only memory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the time it takes to read or write to RAM measured in?

<p>Nanoseconds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a scanner?

<p>To captures images for computer editing and display (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a microphone?

<p>To record voice and speech recognition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a joystick also known as?

<p>Game controller (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a trackball?

<p>To detect a rotation of the ball (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a barcode reader also known as?

<p>Both a and b (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of a webcam?

<p>To transmit pictures over the Internet (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What component holds the CPU, RAM, ROM, and other components?

<p>Motherboard (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an electronic pen also known as?

<p>Stylus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum storage capacity of a hard disk for personal computers?

<p>2TB (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of partitioning a hard disk into different drives?

<p>For convenience (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the capacity of a CD-ROM?

<p>700 MB (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the full form of DVD?

<p>Digital Versatile Disk (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum memory capacity of a flash disk?

<p>2 GB (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for a flash disk?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum storage capacity of a flash disk?

<p>128 GB (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are SD cards used for?

<p>High-capacity flash memory storage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which device is an example of an output device?

<p>Printer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the CPU?

<p>Execution of instructions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a PS/2?

<p>A type of port (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of device is a hard disk?

<p>Storage device (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is softcopy?

<p>A digital document (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common term for a Visual Display Unit (VDU)?

<p>Monitor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of measurement for CPU clock speed?

<p>Cycles per second (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two primary memory types in a computer?

<p>RAM and ROM (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the full form of ROM?

<p>Read Only Memory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of output does a printer produce?

<p>Hard copy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the full form of VDU?

<p>Visual Display Unit (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most used type of printer?

<p>Laser and Inkjet (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the storage capacity of a CD ROM?

<p>From 650 MB to 700 MB (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Flash memory also known as?

<p>EEPROM, Memory Stick and Pen Drive (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

CPU (Central Processing Unit)

The brain of the computer responsible for executing instructions.

Microprocessor

A single chip that houses the CPU.

Control Unit (CU)

Part of the CPU that extracts, decodes, and executes instructions.

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

Part of the CPU that performs arithmetic and logical operations.

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Registers

Temporary storage space inside the CPU for data and instructions.

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Hertz (Hz)

Unit of measurement for CPU clock speed, indicating cycles per second.

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RAM (Random Access Memory)

Volatile memory that temporarily stores data for quick access.

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Volatile memory

Type of memory that loses stored data when power is off.

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ROM (Read Only Memory)

Non-volatile memory with permanent data that cannot be changed.

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Scanner

Input device that captures images for editing and display.

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Touch Screen

Device that combines input and output in a single interface.

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Microphone

Input device for recording voice and speech recognition.

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Joystick

Input device used for gaming, allowing directional control.

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Trackball

Pointing device with a ball that can be rotated to control the cursor.

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Barcode Reader

Device used to capture and read barcodes.

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Webcam

Digital video device used for video streaming or conferencing.

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Motherboard

Main circuit board connecting all components of the computer.

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Hard Disk

Storage device with large capacity for data, ranging from 500GB to more.

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Compact Disk (CD)

Optical disk used for storing music or data, holds about 700 MB.

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Digital Versatile Disk (DVD)

Optical disk that holds larger amounts of information, up to 4.7 GB.

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Flash Disk

Portable storage device, known as USB or pen drive, storing up to 128 GB.

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Secure Digital (SD) Card

Small flash memory card used in cameras and devices.

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Monitor

Output device that displays visual content from a computer.

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Printer

Output device that produces physical copies of documents or images.

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USB Port

Universal port for connecting various devices to the computer.

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Audio Port

Port used to connect audio devices like speakers and headphones.

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Parallel Port

Older type of port used primarily for printers and parallel devices.

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VGA Port

Port used to connect monitors to computers, delivering video signals.

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Study Notes

CPU (Central Processing Unit)

  • CPU full form is a Central Processing Unit.
  • It is housed in a single chip called a microprocessor.
  • It is also known as the brain of the computer.
  • It runs the instructions of a computer program by performing arithmetic and logical operations.
  • CPU clock speed is measured in units of cycles per second, which is called a Hertz (Hz).
  • CPUs run at rates of millions and billions of Hertz, Mega Hertz (MHz), and generally in Giga Hertz (GHz).
  • The main parts of a Processor are:
    • Control Unit (CU), which extracts, decodes, and executes instructions from memory.
    • Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), which performs all arithmetic computations and comparison operations.
    • Registers (Temporary storage space)

Memory

  • Two types of primary storage are located in the computer namely RAM and ROM.
  • RAM – Random Access Memory:
    • It is also known as Read-Write memory and main memory (Temporary memory).
    • RAM is a volatile memory.
    • Any information stored in RAM is lost when the computer is turned off.
    • The time it takes to read or write to it is measured in nanoseconds.
    • The capacity of the RAM is one of the factors that determine the power of the computer.
    • Its capacity is rated in megabytes.
  • ROM – Read Only Memory:
    • ROM has programs that are inbuilt at the factory.
    • The information in this memory cannot be written on or erased by the computer user.

Input Devices

  • Scanner: an input device that captures images from photographic prints, posters, magazine pages, and similar sources for computer editing and display.
  • Touch Screen: the assembly of both an input ('touch panel') and output ('display') device.
  • Microphone: an input device used in computers for recording voice and speech recognition.
  • Joy Stick: an input device also called a game controller used with video games or entertainment systems to provide input for the video game.
  • Electronic Pen or a digital Pen or a stylus: a small pen-shaped instrument whose tip position on a computer monitor can be detected.
  • Trackball: a pointing input device consisting of a ball held by a socket containing sensors to detect a rotation of the ball.
  • Barcode Reader: a hand-held or stationary input device used to capture and read the information contained in a barcode.
  • Webcam: a digital video device commonly built into a computer.

Motherboard

  • The motherboard is the main circuit board of a microcomputer that connects all system components to each other.
  • It holds the CPU, RAM, ROM, and other components.

Storage Devices

  • Hard Disks: range from 500GB to 2TB (Terabytes) or even more.
  • Compact Disks (CDs):
    • Also known as an optical disk and is circular in shape.
    • A CD-ROM (read-only memory) is a compact disc that used the same laser technology as audio CDs for recording music.
    • The capacity of a CD-ROM is 700 MB of data.
    • CDs are used for storing music and large graphic files.
    • Three types of CDs: CD-ROM (Compact Disk – Read Only Memory), CD-R (Compact Disk – Recordable), and CD-RW (Compact Disk – Rewritable).
  • Digital Versatile Disk (DVD):
    • Holds a much larger amount of information (such as movies).
    • Holds 4.7 GB (Gigabytes) of data.
    • Different types of DVDs: DVD-Video, DVD-ROM, DVD+R, DVD+RW, DVD-RAM, and HD-DVD.
  • Flash Disk:
    • Also known as a USB drive (Universal Serial Bus) or Pen Drive or Memory Stick.
    • A portable storage system that holds a large amount of information.
    • Memory can be from 2 GB (Minimum) to 128 GB.
  • Secure Digital (SD) cards:
    • Small, high-capacity flash memory storage devices.

Output Devices

  • Monitor:
    • Also known as Visual Display Unit (VDU) and Computer Screen.
    • Produces softcopy output.
  • Printer:
    • Produces hardcopy output.
    • Types of printers: Laser and Inkjet.

Ports

  • USB port
  • Audio port
  • Parallel port
  • VGA port: used to connect the monitor.

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Learn about the basic components of a computer, including the CPU, microprocessor, and expansion slots on a motherboard.

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