12 Questions
What is the force responsible for keeping matter in its solid or liquid phase?
Intermolecular Force
Which force binds electrons to the atomic nucleus and deals with attractive and repulsive interactions of electrical charges?
Electromagnetic Force
Which physicist proposed the origin of London Dispersion Forces?
Fritz London
What is a pair of equal and oppositely charged or magnetized poles separated by a distance known as?
Dipole
Which force causes objects to be pulled towards the Earth?
Gravitational Force
What type of atoms bear one or more positive or negative electrical charges?
Ions
Which intermolecular force results from the electrical interactions among dipoles on neighboring molecules?
Dipole-dipole forces
Which property of matter is influenced by the strength of intermolecular forces?
Melting point
What is the force that causes molecules on the surfaces of a liquid to be pushed together and form a layer?
Surface tension
Which property of matter is described as the measure of a fluid's resistance to flow?
Viscosity
Which intermolecular force is a special type of dipole-dipole interaction that occurs when hydrogen is bonded to fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen?
Hydrogen bonding
Which property of matter is described as the pressure exerted by vapor in equilibrium with its liquid phase in a closed system?
Vapor pressure
Study Notes
Intermolecular Forces
- Intermolecular forces are the attractive or repulsive forces between molecules.
Fundamental Forces of Nature
- There are four fundamental forces of nature: strong nuclear, electromagnetic, weak nuclear, and gravitational forces.
Intermolecular Force
- Intermolecular force is the attractive force or bond between molecules, responsible for keeping matter in its solid or liquid phase.
Dipole and Ion
- A dipole is a pair of equal and oppositely charged or magnetized poles separated by a distance.
- An ion is an atom or group of atoms that bears one or more positive or negative electrical charges.
Types of Intermolecular Forces
- London Dispersion Forces: present in all molecules, whether polar or non-polar.
- Ion-Dipole Forces: result from electrostatic attraction between an ion and a molecule containing a dipole.
- Dipole-Dipole Forces: result from electrical interactions among dipoles on neighboring molecules, only present in polar molecules.
- Hydrogen Bonding: a special type of dipole-dipole interaction that occurs when hydrogen is bonded to fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen.
Properties of Matter Influenced by Intermolecular Forces
Melting Point
- The temperature at which a substance changes from solid to liquid.
- Substances with stronger intermolecular forces have higher melting points.
Boiling Point
- The temperature at which a substance changes from liquid to gas.
- Substances with stronger intermolecular forces have higher boiling points.
Surface Tension
- The force that causes molecules on the surface of a liquid to be pushed together and form a layer.
- Molecules with stronger intermolecular forces exert greater cohesive forces and acquire less surface area.
Viscosity
- The measure of a fluid's resistance to flow.
- Molecules with stronger intermolecular forces have higher viscosity.
Vapor Pressure
- The pressure exerted by vapor in equilibrium with its liquid phase in a closed system.
- Substances with stronger intermolecular forces have lower vapor pressure.
Test your knowledge on the four fundamental forces of nature: Strong Nuclear Force, Electromagnetic Force, Weak Nuclear Force, and Gravitational Force. Learn about the interactions that govern particles and matter at the atomic and subatomic levels.
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