Fundamental Forces and Particles

<p>A particle made of quarks held together by the strong force (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strong Nuclear Force (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proton (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It decreases as the square of the distance increases. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is involved in certain types of radioactive decay. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electrons are negatively charged and orbit around the nucleus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fission (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A state of matter containing free electrons and ions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is responsible for certain types of nuclear decay (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Approximately 10^-15 meters (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is the weakest force when compared to electromagnetic and nuclear forces. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It decreases to one-fourth of the original brightness. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fusion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An atom or molecule with a positive or negative charge due to lost or gained electrons. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Iron (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A principle stating that a physical quantity decreases in proportion to the square of the distance from the source. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It indicates that energy and mass are interchangeable. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Binding protons and neutrons together in the nucleus. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strong Nuclear Force (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electrons have about 1/1836 the mass of a proton. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It combines two light atomic nuclei to form a heavier nucleus. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It repels all types of charges equally. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weak nuclear force (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both are significantly larger than electrons. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By splitting a heavy nucleus into smaller nuclei. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electrons are considered point particles and are significantly lighter. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Light atomic nuclei combine, releasing energy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weak nuclear force (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The longest diameter of the ellipse (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It indicates how close the ellipse is to being circular (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>At one focus of the ellipse (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The tilt of Earth's axis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Around early January (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It causes varying amounts of sunlight to reach different parts of Earth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It slightly influences how long each season lasts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weightlessness due to free fall (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It moves slower in its orbit (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>F = G * m1 * m2 / r (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acceleration due to gravity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>r (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>9.8 m/s² (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mass of the object (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two focal points with the Sun at one (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It pulls everything towards the center of the Earth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The force of attraction between objects with mass.

Force between charged particles; responsible for electricity, magnetism, and light.

Force holding protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

Force responsible for some nuclear decay.

Fundamental particle; building block of protons & neutrons.

Particle made of quarks held by the strong force.

Smallest unit of an element; nucleus with electrons.

Group of two or more atoms bonded together.

Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but differing numbers of neutrons, resulting in different atomic masses.

The total mass of an atom, determined by the number of protons and neutrons in the atom's nucleus.

The basic building blocks of matter, such as protons, neutrons, and electrons.

A principle explaining how the intensity of a physical quantity (like light, gravity, or sound) decreases as distance from the source increases. The intensity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance, meaning doubling the distance reduces intensity to one-fourth.

The distance over which nuclear forces (like the strong force) act. This range is very short, comparable to the size of an atomic nucleus (about 10^-15 meters).

Processes that affect the nucleus of an atom, often releasing large amounts of energy. They involve either fission (splitting) or fusion (merging) of nuclei.

A nuclear reaction where a heavy nucleus splits into smaller nuclei, releasing energy. It's used in nuclear power plants.

A nuclear reaction where light nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, releasing even more energy than fission. This powers the sun and stars.

A graph showing how tightly bound the nucleons (protons and neutrons) are in the nucleus. It reveals the stability of different elements, with iron and nickel having the highest binding energy per nucleon.

Einstein's famous equation, proving that energy (E) and mass (m) are interchangeable. A small amount of mass can be converted into a large amount of energy, as seen in nuclear reactions.

Elements with higher binding energy per nucleon are more stable. Iron and nickel have the highest binding energy per nucleon.

Fusion combines light nuclei into a heavier nucleus, releasing energy. Fission splits a heavy nucleus into lighter nuclei, also releasing energy.

The longest diameter of an ellipse. It represents the greatest distance across the ellipse.

The shortest diameter of an ellipse. It represents the smallest distance across the ellipse.

A measure of how stretched out an ellipse is. A value of 0 means a perfect circle, while a value closer to 1 indicates a more elongated shape.

Planets move in elliptical orbits with the Sun at one focus of the ellipse.

Earth is tilted at approximately 23.5 degrees on its axis, causing different parts of the Earth to receive varying amounts of sunlight at different times of the year.

When the North Pole is tilted towards the Sun, resulting in longer days and direct sunlight, leading to warmer temperatures.

When the North Pole is tilted away from the Sun, resulting in shorter days and less direct sunlight, leading to cooler temperatures.

The point in Earth's orbit where it is closest to the Sun. Earth moves faster at this point.

The sensation of having no support force acting on your body, often experienced in free fall. Gravity still acts, but the continuous free fall creates this feeling.

FG = G * (m1 * m2) / r^2, where FG is the gravitational force, G is the gravitational constant, m1 and m2 are the masses of the objects, and r is the distance between their centers.

A fundamental constant that determines the strength of gravitational attraction. Its value is approximately 6.674 x 10^-11 Nm^2/kg^2.

The acceleration experienced by an object falling freely near the Earth's surface. Its value is approximately 9.8 m/s^2.

The force of gravity acting on an object's mass. It's calculated as weight (FG) = mass (m) * acceleration due to gravity (g).

The path an object takes around another object, such as a planet around a star. It's not a perfect circle, but an elongated oval with two focal points.

Weightlessness arises when there is no support force acting on an object, such as during free fall. Gravity still acts, but the constant free fall prevents the object from experiencing a sense of weight.