Questions and Answers
Who is known as the father of Psychology?
What psychological concept is William James associated with?
Functionalism
Which psychologist popularized structuralism?
Edward Titchener
Who is considered the father of Psychoanalysis?
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Ivan Pavlov is known for his work in classical conditioning.
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What concept is B.F. Skinner associated with?
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What does Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs include?
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What aspect of psychology did Mary Calkins pioneer?
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Who were Maime and Kenneth Clark?
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What did Jorge Sanchez criticize in psychology?
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Who was the first woman to receive her PhD in Psychology?
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What was Carl Rogers known for in his psychological theories?
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What are the three structures of personality according to Freud?
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Study Notes
Founders of Psychology
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Wilhelm Wundt: (1832-1920) Recognized as the Father of Psychology; established the first experimental psychology lab, marking psychology as a scientific discipline.
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William James: (1842-1910) Promoted Functionalism, focusing on the mental processes that allow adaptation; made significant contributions to industrial and educational psychology.
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Edward Titchener: (1867-1927) Advocated for Structuralism, emphasizing different states of consciousness: conscious awareness, subconscious habits, and unconscious memories.
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Sigmund Freud: (1856-1939) Known as the Father of Psychoanalysis; introduced the three structures of personality: Id (impulsive desires), Ego (realistic self), and Superego (moral conscience), highlighting the role of unconscious motives.
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Ivan Pavlov: (1849-1936) A Russian physiologist who pioneered classical conditioning through experiments with dogs, illustrating how behavioral habits are formed.
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John B. Watson: (1878-1958) A leading Behaviorist who expanded on Pavlov's conditioning, emphasizing learned fears and reflexes, and authored influential books on behaviorism.
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B.F. Skinner: (1904-1990) Developed principles of Behavior Modification, explaining how behavior is influenced by consequences; introduced concepts of positive reinforcement and extinction.
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Abraham Maslow: (1908-1970) A Humanistic Theorist known for the concept of Self-Actualization and the Hierarchy of Needs, outlining human motivation from basic needs to self-fulfillment.
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Carl Rogers: (1902-1987) A Humanistic Theorist who proposed Unconditional Positive Regard and focused on personality development from childhood; first to refer to clients instead of patients.
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Francis Cecil Sumner: (1895-1954) Recognized as the Father of African American Psychology; critiqued cultural bias in IQ tests and led the psychology department at Howard University.
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Maime & Kenneth Clark: (1939) Notable African American psychology team whose doll research highlighted the impact of cultural self-esteem; their findings contributed to the Brown v. Board of Education case.
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Jorge Sanchez: Recognized as the Father of Hispanic Psychology; examined cultural influences on psychology and critiqued IQ test bias.
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Mary Calkins: (1863-1930) A functionalist who advanced paired-associate learning; first female president of the APA; established a psychology lab at Wellesley, focusing on memory research.
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Margaret Floy Washburn: (1871-1939) The first woman to earn a PhD in psychology, contributing significantly to the field’s development.
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Test your knowledge on the key figures in the field of psychology with these flashcards! Learn about Wilhelm Wundt, William James, and Edward Titchener, their contributions, and how they shaped modern psychology. Ideal for students and enthusiasts alike.
