Founders of Psychology Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

Who is known as the father of Psychology?

  • Wilhelm Wundt (correct)
  • Sigmund Freud
  • William James
  • B.F. Skinner

What psychological concept is William James associated with?

Functionalism

Which psychologist popularized structuralism?

Edward Titchener

Who is considered the father of Psychoanalysis?

<p>Sigmund Freud</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ivan Pavlov is known for his work in classical conditioning.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept is B.F. Skinner associated with?

<p>Behavior Modification (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs include?

<p>Self Actualization</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of psychology did Mary Calkins pioneer?

<p>Functionalism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were Maime and Kenneth Clark?

<p>A husband and wife psychology team</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Jorge Sanchez criticize in psychology?

<p>Cultural bias in standardized IQ tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was the first woman to receive her PhD in Psychology?

<p>Margaret Floy Washburn</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Carl Rogers known for in his psychological theories?

<p>Unconditional Positive Regard (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three structures of personality according to Freud?

<p>Id, Ego, Superego</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Founders of Psychology

  • Wilhelm Wundt: (1832-1920) Recognized as the Father of Psychology; established the first experimental psychology lab, marking psychology as a scientific discipline.

  • William James: (1842-1910) Promoted Functionalism, focusing on the mental processes that allow adaptation; made significant contributions to industrial and educational psychology.

  • Edward Titchener: (1867-1927) Advocated for Structuralism, emphasizing different states of consciousness: conscious awareness, subconscious habits, and unconscious memories.

  • Sigmund Freud: (1856-1939) Known as the Father of Psychoanalysis; introduced the three structures of personality: Id (impulsive desires), Ego (realistic self), and Superego (moral conscience), highlighting the role of unconscious motives.

  • Ivan Pavlov: (1849-1936) A Russian physiologist who pioneered classical conditioning through experiments with dogs, illustrating how behavioral habits are formed.

  • John B. Watson: (1878-1958) A leading Behaviorist who expanded on Pavlov's conditioning, emphasizing learned fears and reflexes, and authored influential books on behaviorism.

  • B.F. Skinner: (1904-1990) Developed principles of Behavior Modification, explaining how behavior is influenced by consequences; introduced concepts of positive reinforcement and extinction.

  • Abraham Maslow: (1908-1970) A Humanistic Theorist known for the concept of Self-Actualization and the Hierarchy of Needs, outlining human motivation from basic needs to self-fulfillment.

  • Carl Rogers: (1902-1987) A Humanistic Theorist who proposed Unconditional Positive Regard and focused on personality development from childhood; first to refer to clients instead of patients.

  • Francis Cecil Sumner: (1895-1954) Recognized as the Father of African American Psychology; critiqued cultural bias in IQ tests and led the psychology department at Howard University.

  • Maime & Kenneth Clark: (1939) Notable African American psychology team whose doll research highlighted the impact of cultural self-esteem; their findings contributed to the Brown v. Board of Education case.

  • Jorge Sanchez: Recognized as the Father of Hispanic Psychology; examined cultural influences on psychology and critiqued IQ test bias.

  • Mary Calkins: (1863-1930) A functionalist who advanced paired-associate learning; first female president of the APA; established a psychology lab at Wellesley, focusing on memory research.

  • Margaret Floy Washburn: (1871-1939) The first woman to earn a PhD in psychology, contributing significantly to the field’s development.

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