Foundations of Geriatric Physical Therapy
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Questions and Answers

What causes the skin to develop age spots?

  • Loss of fat layers
  • Reduction in oil gland activity
  • Decreased blood flow
  • Deposits of melanin pigment (correct)

    • According to the activity theory, what is likely to enhance satisfaction in elderly individuals?

  • Withdrawal from social interactions
  • Isolation from family and friends
  • Increased levels of activity (correct)
  • Reduction in daily tasks

    • Which theory posits that individuals will adapt to maintain a sense of continuity between their past and present?

  • Activity theory
  • Genetic theory
  • Continuity theory (correct)
  • Disengagement theory

    • What is a common factor affecting the aging process according to genetic theories?

    <p>Inherited genetic programming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do free radicals primarily interfere with in cells?

    <p>Cell diffusion and transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a biological theory of aging?

    <p>Disengagement theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological change occurs to the nails as a person ages?

    <p>Thickening of nails</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following theories highlights the consequences of social withdrawal in older adults?

    <p>Disengagement theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one identified effect of free radicals on cellular functions?

    <p>Damage to cell membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor generally leads to a decrease in susceptibility to cold in aging individuals?

    <p>Loss of underlying fat layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of aging?

    <p>A complex and variable array of physiological changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which field of study is Gerontology concerned with?

    <p>Social, psychological, and biological aspects of aging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the age typically used to define someone as 'geriatric' or 'elderly'?

    <p>65 years and older</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a reason for increased life expectancy?

    <p>Urbanization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the elderly population is classified as 'young elderly'?

    <p>60%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is the leading cause of mortality in persons over 65?

    <p>Coronary heart disease (CHD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered a leading cause of morbidity in persons over 65?

    <p>Cataracts and chronic sinusitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about life span and life expectancy?

    <p>Life span is about 110-120 years for humans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one major factor that contributes to the higher standard of living among the elderly?

    <p>More leisure time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category of elderly is classified as 'old elderly'?

    <p>Ages 75-84</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the skin's oil glands as one ages?

    <p>They become inactive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the hair typically change with aging?

    <p>It gradually loses its pigmentation and turns gray.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory suggests that elderly individuals who remain active are more likely to be satisfied with life?

    <p>Activity theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one proposed effect of free radicals on cells?

    <p>They damage cell membranes and DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under which theory do individuals adapt to maintain continuity between their past and present?

    <p>Continuity theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological change occurs to nails as a result of aging?

    <p>They become thicker due to reduced blood flow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory of aging emphasizes the genetic aspect of aging processes?

    <p>Genetic theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can result from the accumulation of free radicals in the body?

    <p>Decreased enzyme activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aging theory suggests withdrawal from society leads to isolation and dissatisfaction?

    <p>Disengagement theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor contributes to the development of age spots on the skin?

    <p>Deposits of melanin pigment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of geriatric physical therapy?

    <p>To facilitate understanding of older adults and their special needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age range is identified as the 'young elderly'?

    <p>Ages 65-74</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the life span of humans as defined in the content?

    <p>110-120 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a leading cause of death in individuals over 65?

    <p>Diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does life expectancy refer to?

    <p>The number of years of life expected from the year of birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors has contributed to increased life expectancy?

    <p>Better prenatal care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the elderly population is categorized as 'old elderly'?

    <p>30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is the most common cause of disability in persons over 65?

    <p>Arthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gerontology is primarily concerned with which aspects of aging?

    <p>The social, psychological, and biological aspects of aging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes geriatric medicine?

    <p>A field that deals with diseases of the elderly and their care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Foundations and Theories of Geriatric Physical Therapy

    • Geriatric physical therapy focuses on older adults and their unique needs.
    • Aging is a complex process with physiological changes varying among individuals.
    • Aging is common to all members of a species, and progressive with time.
    • Gerontology is the study of the social, psychological, and biological aspects of aging.
    • Geriatrics is a branch of medicine dealing with diseases and care of the elderly, often defined by age 65 or over.
    • The subspecialty encompasses aspects of internal medicine and family medicine.
    • Global aging trends show increasing percentages of people over 65, with projections indicating further increases.
    • The percentage of people over 65 varies significantly across different countries.
    • Life span refers to the maximum survival potential of a species (in humans, 110-120 years).
    • Life expectancy represents the expected number of years a person will live from birth.
    • Increased life expectancy is linked to better prenatal care, delivery techniques, medical advancements, better nutrition, higher living standards, and more leisure time.
    • Physical therapy in geriatrics aims to facilitate the understanding of older adults' needs, promote successful aging principles, which are used in evaluation and intervention.
    • Older adults are categorized into several groups, including young elderly (65-74), old elderly (75-84), and old-old or frail elderly (over 85).

    Mortality in Geriatrics

    • Coronary heart disease (CHD), cancers, cerebrovascular disease (strokes), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and pneumonia/flu are leading causes of death in older adults.

    Morbidity in Geriatrics

    • Leading causes of disability/chronic conditions in those over 65 include arthritis, hypertension, hearing impairments, heart impairments, cataracts/sinusitis, orthopedic impairments, and diabetes/visual impairments.

    The Outward Signs of Aging

    • Skin loses underlying fat and oil glands, leading to wrinkles and reduced elasticity.
    • Increased susceptibility to cold and bedsores.
    • Age spots (melanin deposits) appear on the skin.
    • Hair loses pigmentation and turns gray.
    • Nails become thicker due to reduced blood flow to connective tissues.

    Theories of Aging

    • Aging is explained through various theories, including sociological, biological and environmental.
    • Sociological theories describe how social interaction and roles change with age

    Social Theories of Aging

    • Disengagement theory: Withdrawal from society, potentially leading to decreased satisfaction.
    • Activity theory: Staying active correlates to higher personal satisfaction.
    • Continuity theory proposes adapting to later life for a sense of continuity with the past.

    Biological Theories of Aging

    • Genetic theory highlights intrinsic aging mechanisms with programmed gene expression variations affecting aging processes.
    • Free radical theory explains that highly reactive oxygen molecules damage cellular components, accelerating aging.
    • Cell mutation theory describes aging as a result of errors in protein synthesis (DNA/RNA).
    • Hormonal theory notes that reduced or altered hormone levels affect aging processes, primarily related to hypothalamic, pituitary, and adrenal gland functions. Protective hormones decrease while stress hormones increase.
    • Immunity theory suggests that immune system decline leads to decreased ability to fight foreign organisms. Thymic activity declines, bone marrow decreases, and autoimmune dysfunction increases.

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    Foundations and Theories of Geriatric Physical Therapy PDF

    Description

    Explore the key concepts and theories in geriatric physical therapy as they relate to the unique needs of older adults. Understand the complexities of aging, the role of gerontology, and the significance of geriatrics in modern medicine. This quiz will delve into demographics, lifespan, and life expectancy trends.

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