Foundations of Education: Philosophies

Foundations of Education Part 1

• Essentialism provides the philosophical basis for the Department of Education's emphasis on developing basic skills
• Existentialism underlies Teacher M's view of students as unique, free-choosing, responsible individuals and the classroom premise in which activities revolve
• Confucianism has greatly contributed to the tradition of religious rituals in classrooms and school programmes, expressing Filipino's deep natural religiosity
• Roman education needs to be taught by relating lessons to everyday life to be truly utilitarian
• The Romans influenced the military training requirements among students in secondary and tertiary levels
• Idealism directs the educational aim to indoctrinate Filipinos with the teachings of the Catholic Church to cultivate faith in God
• Virtue in teaching Rizal focuses on the good and beautiful, aligning with the philosophy of Idealism that correlates to the embodiment of good and beauty in God
• The Philippine government gives education the highest budgetary allocation and recognizes the contribution of its citizens to achieving national development goals and social transformation, which Roman education stressed
• Reconstructionists focus on the social problems while progressivists emphasize the individuality of the child
• Christian doctrine of Education for Humanitarianism believes you should treat others how you wish to be treated, love your neighbor as yourself, and do good for the poor and helpless, not that man lives by bread alone but by every utterance from God's mouth
• Social reconstructionism believes in Scouting and Citizen's Army Training (CAT) as instrumental in building character, citizenship, and leading to the creation of a new social order and a new society
• Progressivism philosophy emphasizes use of instructional grouping of students by needs and interests
• Idealism, indicated by significant values development and discipline, is best demonstrated as an education philosophy
• The right of an unmarried pregnant teacher to abort her baby is not correlative as it relates to a duty to protect her name and job
• A teacher should understand the community's customs and traditions to have a sympathetic attitude
• Enculturation happens during the teaching of students how to prepare and construct good and aesthetic furniture from local resources, through a recognized expert in carpentry
• Socialization through activities that will make Grade 2 children, sing, plan, learn and introduce themselves to the class

Foundations of Education Part 2

• Moral Education emphasizes ethics in Values Education
• Bilingual Education is a reform advocating English and Filipino as media of instruction
• Social Reconstructionism relates to activities planned by school clubs or organizations showing school-community connection geared toward society's needs
• schools acting as laboratory for teaching reforms and experimentation relates to Progressivism philosophy
• A value conflict arises when a teacher has students whose parents want higher grades than they are capable of getting
• Conducting a debate using Filipino as the medium exemplifies nationhood
• The progressivist theory of embracing education means teachers need to permit teachers to actively participate in education and curriculum
• Perennialism advocates that the curriculum ought to includes universal and unchanging truths
• Reproduction of species is not a function of the school
• The establishment of at least one primary school for boys and girls in each municipality liberalized access to education during the Spanish period
• The chief aim of Spanish education is the propagation of the Catholic Religion
• The aim of education during the Commonwealth period is purely nationalistic and democratic
• Restructuring the basic education curriculum is because basic education must be relevant and responsive to a rapidly changing world and allow to empower the Filipino learners for self- development throughout their life, and become globally competitive during the industrial age
• Singing of the National Anthem is influenced by Nationalism
• Essentialists believe that learning requires disciplined attention, regular homework, and respect for legitimate authority
• Philosophy's main function is to define the goals and set the direction for which education is to strive
• Importance of cleanliness of the body is a social norm
• Re-introducing science as a subject in grade 1 is a curricular move to strengthen spiritual and ethical values
• Greatest contemplative happiness lies in instrospection
• Experimentalism teaches coping skills because the world and everything in it are ever changing
• Progressivism permits bringing situations out of the classroom

Child and Adolescent Development Part 1

• Growth best describes the quantitative increase of height and weight in learners
• Gaining knowledge is related to Development
• Development occurs when a student learns to use the computer
• Maturation best describes learning to walk without assistance at 12 months due to internal ripening
• Maturation describes the aging process experienced by a 69-year-old
• Development describes 5-year-old Manuel's ability to hold a pen and write his name
• Maturation Theory can help determine learners' readiness by administering a readiness test
• Sigmund Freud presented behavior like thumb-sucking as normal among infants
• Understanding patterns of movement from whole body movements to controlled movements is a principle of general to specific
• Development of a child is mostly determined by the conditions of the environment by which they are raised
• Phallic stage of psycho-sexual development means that young boys experience rivalry with their father for their mother's attention
• Latency illustrates behavior such as when Angela focuses her attention on school work, indicating the use of most of her physical energy
• An infant may develop a fundamental sense of trust if shown genuine affection

Child and Adolescent Development Part 2

• Human development considers maturation and learning
• Growth is a quantitative increase in height and weight
• The psychosocial domain of development is regarding human emotions
• The correct order of Sigmund Freud's theory of psychosexual development is Oral stage, anal stage, phallic stage, latency stage, genital stage
• Erickson's psychosocial theory indicates the eight crises that all people are thought to face
• Intimacy vs Isolation is the unresolved crisis of an adult who has difficulty establishing a secure, mutual relationship with a life partner
• Alyssa, 8 years old, is in the stage called concrete operational
• Heredity is the primary influence to determining human height
• The correct sequence of prenatal development is Germinal, embryo, fetus
• Object permanence is the cognitive achievement recognized when babies look for objects that they watched fall out of view
• Freud's description of the behavior of a child is fixated in the oral stage

Principles of Learning and Motivation

• A stimulus-response principle means all behaviors are caused by external stimuli
• Dual coding theory teaches how students are able to learn better when lessons are presented with images
• Law of readiness was disregarded when Miss Rita disregarded learning volleyball
• Demonstrating skills permits reproducing those skills that were learned based on observation
• Discrimination is the feature of classical conditioning that exhibits not fearing dogs in a pen
• Praising and rewarding answers during an activity implies operant conditioning
• Learning skills are hierarchically arranged applies to cumulative learning
• Meaningful learning is what students already understand
• Remembering dates and events in history means you have long term memory
• Meaningful learning uses a frame of reference
• Explaining the reasons for studying a topic motivates a cognitive approach
• Teaching the same concepts using another teaching method applies presenting a variety of concepts
• An teachers welcoming warmth makes students associate in school with the teacher (Operant conditioning)
• Sensory memory stored names after just being introduced
• Withhold information for students who are intelligent otherwise will be unmotivated
• Focusing students attention on the environment is what motivates them through focus
• Giving stars for correct answer means using a fixed ratio
• The social learning theory explains a six-year-old playing teacher
• Verbal and descriptive explanations helps teach psychomotor skills
• Teacher provides feedback to the learner about his/her progress and encourages them to practice to maintain their sharpness of the movements

Principles and Strategies of Teaching Part 1

• Listing the steps, undertaken with students to ensure the lesson is smooth is teaching method
• Demonstration has to be used with insufficient chemicals for the experiment,
• Specific topics required as assignment warrants use of lecture method
• Initiating activities through pictures models helps with topics
• To identify the characters of the story, is an example of taxonomy, from lowest to highest level
• Use a graph to analyse population
• Solve Math through problem-solving skills which is the main goal for the study of Math
• Encouraging to pupils to listen to daily broadcasts provides the importance of keeping them updated.
• Instructional materials must coincide with the objectives of the lesson ,in order to be easily understood
• Comparison and abstraction is what student A must do through identification and analysis for relationships

Principles and Strategies of Teaching Part 2

• Giving situations or activities with the use of lessons learned is application
• Laboratory Method is the best way to discover the effect of heat
• Inductive is the used for definition
• Teaching Tinikling requires Demonstrations
• Teaching should follow problem solving
• Well-motivated lessons means, there are varied procedures and activities undertaken by the pupils.
• Developement of a sound value system must be done
• An learner who can identify the attributes has a concept
• Cooperative learning makes the strategy to use the old concept of "each-one-teach-one"
• The learner summarizes all of the topics during evaluation
• Simple and complex educational objective can be learned
• Suit lesson, has to be of lessen objective
• Teacher must pay attention, use retention, motor reproduction, and motivation

Curriculum Development Part 1

• Provision for the development of each learner means the program provides wide range of opportunities for those with the same abilities
• Experience-centered curriculum focuses on the learners's needs,interests and abilities
• Discipline design relates English literature and Social studies
• Decisions on grade placement are what is being organized
• Broadfields comprises geography, civics, culture and history
• Science integrates Math
• Subject centered design delivers with ease
• Matching curriculum with test is alignment
• History teacher, considers the time
• Real lesson, goes with being first

Curriculum Development Part 2

• Articulation designs element to avoid any waster,and gaps
• The selected of course needs authenticity
• Time allotment helps
• Child can be the curriculum
• Planning,design to develop the cirriculm