52 Questions
What was the focus of the study by Lorina Naci and coworkers in 2014 and 2015?
Measuring brain activity in a coma patient
What is the primary concern raised in the text regarding Sam's condition?
Whether lack of movement and response indicates absence of mind
What is the main inquiry related to cognitive psychology in the given text?
The relevance of cognitive psychology to everyday experience
What was the outcome of placing Sam in a brain scanner, as described in the text?
Measurement of increases and decreases in electrical brain activity
What was the emphasis of Donders's experiment, one of the first cognitive psychology experiments?
Inferring mental responses from behavior
Which principle is applicable to all cognitive psychology research, according to the text?
Inferring mental responses from behavior
What did Wilhelm Wundt's structuralism aim to create?
A 'periodic table of the mind' by combining basic sensations
What was involved in Wundt's approach to studying mental processes?
Analytic introspection
What did Hermann Ebbinghaus focus on measuring?
Memory and forgetting
What did Ebbinghaus use as a measure of forgetting?
Savings
What did Ebbinghaus's research show about longer delays?
Resulted in smaller savings, indicating more forgetting over time
What did Ebbinghaus aim to eliminate the influence of on memory?
Word meaning
What did Ebbinghaus's work provide insights into?
The time course of forgetting and the nature of memory
What did both Donders and Ebbinghaus contribute to the early understanding of?
Mental processes and behavior
What did the early experiments in cognitive psychology highlight the need to develop?
Methods for studying mental processes and behavior under controlled conditions
What was the aim of Wilhelm Wundt's analytic introspection?
To have trained participants describe their experiences and thought processes in response to stimuli
What is the mind responsible for?
Thoughts, perceptions, desires, emotions, memories, language, and physical actions
In what way is the mind compared to a computer?
The mind outperforms the computer on many tasks and creates consciousness
What does Sam's brain response indicate?
Conscious awareness and reactions to the plot
What does the term 'mind' encompass?
Memory, problem-solving, decision making, and mental health
What does the book aim to describe?
What the mind is, what it does, and how it does it, by looking at its multifaceted nature and history
What does the mind's multifaceted nature involve?
Memory, problem-solving, decision-making, and normal functioning, among others
How does the brain of healthy participants respond to suspenseful moments in the film?
Increased and decreased in activity
What does the plot of the film require understanding of?
Concepts not explicitly presented, such as the danger of loaded guns
What does the mind hold, according to the text?
Many secrets
What does the text emphasize about the mind?
That it should be used effectively
What do statements about the mind in everyday conversation provide?
Insight into its various roles and functions
What does Sam's condition highlight?
That the mind is hidden from view
Who made significant observations about the mind, including attention being the taking possession of one out of several possible objects?
William James
Which early psychologist founded behaviorism as a new approach to psychology?
John Watson
Who outlined the goals of behaviorism in the paper 'Psychology As the Behaviorist Views It'?
John Watson
Who conducted experiments and made observations that laid the foundation for the study of the mind and mental processes?
William James
Who used analytic introspection to analyze mental processes, leading to a negative reaction and the rejection of the study of mental processes?
Wilhelm Wundt
Who dissatisfied with analytic introspection, founded behaviorism as a new approach to psychology?
John Watson
Who made significant observations about the mind, including consciousness, attention, memory, perception, imagination, and reasoning?
William James
Who founded the first psychology laboratory?
Wilhelm Wundt
Who provided a quantitative measurement of forgetting with the savings curve, demonstrating the ability to retain information and the occurrence of rapid forgetting in the first 1 to 2 days after learning?
Hermann Ebbinghaus
Who made significant observations about the mind, including thinking, consciousness, attention, memory, perception, imagination, and reasoning?
William James
Who conducted quantitative experiments that provided valuable insight into mental processes?
Hermann Ebbinghaus
Who aimed to be a purely objective, experimental branch of natural science with the theoretical goal of predicting and controlling behavior?
John Watson
What is cognitive psychology primarily concerned with?
Studying mental processes and how the mind operates
What did Donders measure in his pioneering experiments in cognitive psychology?
Reaction time to determine decision-making duration
What was the conclusion of Donders's experiments regarding choice reaction time compared to simple reaction time?
The decision-making process took one-tenth of a second longer
What did Donders's experiments lay the foundation for?
The scientific study of the mind and the development of cognitive psychology
In what year did the term 'cognitive psychology' come into use?
1967
What did Donders use to measure reaction time in his experiments?
Lights and button-pushing tasks
What were the two definitions of the mind mentioned in the text primarily concerned with?
Creating and controlling mental functions, and creating representations of the world
What is the system that the mind is described as in one of the definitions mentioned in the text?
A system that creates representations of the world to help achieve goals
Why was there a belief in the 1800s that it was not possible to study the mind?
Due to the inability to measure its properties
What are some of the mental functions mentioned in the first definition of the mind?
Perception, attention, memory, emotions
What did Donders conclude about the reaction time in the choice reaction time task compared to the simple reaction time task?
It took one-tenth of a second longer
What did the experiments conducted by Donders involve making decisions about?
Which button to push based on the illuminated light
Study Notes
Early Cognitive Psychology and Donders's Experiment
- The mind is defined as creating and controlling mental functions such as perception, attention, memory, emotions, language, deciding, thinking, and reasoning.
- Another definition states that the mind is a system that creates representations of the world to help achieve goals.
- Both definitions emphasize the mind's importance for functioning, survival, and achieving goals.
- Cognitive psychology studies mental processes, including the characteristics and properties of the mind and how it operates.
- In the 1800s, there was a belief that it was not possible to study the mind due to the inability to measure its properties.
- Dutch physiologist Franciscus Donders conducted pioneering experiments in cognitive psychology in 1868.
- Donders measured reaction time to determine how long it takes for a person to make a decision.
- He conducted experiments to measure simple reaction time and choice reaction time using lights and button-pushing tasks.
- The choice reaction time task involved making decisions about which button to push based on the illuminated light.
- Donders concluded that the decision-making process in the choice reaction time task took one-tenth of a second longer than the simple reaction time.
- Donders's experiments are considered early examples of cognitive psychology experiments, even though the term "cognitive psychology" was not coined until 1967.
- These experiments laid the foundation for the scientific study of the mind and the development of cognitive psychology as a field.
Test your knowledge of early cognitive psychology and Franciscus Donders's pioneering experiment in this quiz. Explore the foundations of cognitive psychology and the groundbreaking work that laid the groundwork for the scientific study of the mind.
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