Foundational Concepts in Ethics

<p>Observing and describing how people actually behave and their moral beliefs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ethics provides a deeper, philosophical basis for right and wrong, while social norms are informal rules. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All ethical actions are legal. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>What is the meaning of 'good' and are moral truths objective or subjective? (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Utilitarianism emphasizes the greatest happiness for all, while ethical egoism focuses solely on individual well-being. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It fails to provide a clear framework for resolving moral conflicts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Individuals have a duty to act in accordance with universal moral rules. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Developing good character traits and habits. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It fails to consider the importance of individual rights. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To guide individuals in making ethical decisions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A driver deciding to take a shortcut, even if it means breaking a traffic law. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prioritizes personal gain within the bounds of moral principles. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The consequences or outcomes of the action (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Utilitarianism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Happiness is the only intrinsic good, while pain is intrinsically bad (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Treating all individuals' happiness as equally important (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Striving for the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Act utilitarianism focuses on individual actions, while rule utilitarianism focuses on general rules. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It ignores the importance of individual rights and freedoms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sacrificing one person's life to save a larger group of people (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There are objective moral truths that exist independently of human beliefs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Moral Naturalism relies on reasoning based on natural properties, while Moral Non-Naturalism relies on intuition. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Murder is wrong because it causes suffering and violates the sanctity of life. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Moral Naturalism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Moral values are based on individual beliefs and preferences. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because we intuitively understand that kindness is a positive moral value. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Analyzing the reasoning behind different moral beliefs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>What are the ethical implications of artificial intelligence? (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are based on individual opinions and feelings. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can lead to moral relativism, complicating universal moral claims. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are all false as there are no moral facts. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They represent emotional reactions rather than factual claims. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Moral Realism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It fails to explain serious moral debates despite viewing statements as emotional. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>What do we mean when we say something is 'good' or 'right'? (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Personal feelings and cultural norms. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is too focused on consequences and ignores intentions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Following absolute, universal moral rules, regardless of consequences. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Using a person solely for personal gain. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lying is always wrong because it violates a universal moral rule. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deontology focuses on intentions, while utilitarianism focuses on consequences. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A person tells a lie to protect an innocent person. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deontology focuses on universal moral rules, while ethical egoism prioritizes individual happiness. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emphasis on promoting the greatest happiness for the greatest number. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The belief that moral norms vary across cultures, histories, and societies.

Morality refers to beliefs of right and wrong; ethics is the study of these beliefs.

Emotions like empathy affect ethical judgment and action.

Ethics evolves with societal changes and advancements.

Observes and describes actual behavior and moral beliefs without judgment.

Sets moral standards on how people should act.

A normative ethical theory judging actions by their outcomes or consequences.

A field of applied ethics dealing with issues in medical practice.

A form of consequentialism that maximizes happiness and minimizes suffering.

Belief that pleasure is the ultimate intrinsic good.

All individual happiness is equally important.

Actions that produce the greatest overall happiness are right.

Evaluates individual actions based on their outcomes.

Follows rules that generally produce the best outcomes.

Can justify harmful acts if outcomes seem beneficial.

The study of the nature of morality and moral judgments.

Belief that moral facts exist independently of human opinions.

Moral truths based on natural properties like happiness.

Moral truths exist but are understood through intuition, not empirical evidence.

Denial of the existence of objective moral facts.

Principles that determine what is considered good or bad.

The question of whether some actions are right or wrong for all people at all times.

Moral judgments depend on individual opinions and feelings.

Can lead to moral relativism, complicating universal moral claims.

All moral statements are false, as there are no moral facts.

Moral statements don't express truths; they express emotions or commands.

Moral statements express disapproval like emotions, not facts.

Moral statements act as commands rather than factual assertions.

A moral theory suggesting individuals should act in their own self-interest.

An ethical theory emphasizing duties and moral rules over consequences.

Kant's principle stating actions must be universalizable as moral law.

Act only on maxims you can will to become universal laws according to Kant.

Treat individuals as ends in themselves, not mere means to an end.

The belief that some actions are absolutely wrong, regardless of context.

Prioritize following moral duties even if outcomes are less favorable.

Situations where two moral duties may clash, posing ethical dilemmas.

An ethical approach that focuses on the character of the moral agent instead of rules or consequences.

Critiques include potential selfishness and inability to resolve moral conflicts.

The importance of protecting individual rights against ethical theories like utilitarianism.