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What is the main advantage of using concrete piles over wooden piles?
What is the main advantage of using concrete piles over wooden piles?
How far should a timber grillage be kept below the lowest recorded water line?
How far should a timber grillage be kept below the lowest recorded water line?
What type of concrete pile is generally molded before being driven?
What type of concrete pile is generally molded before being driven?
Why do wooden piles need to be cut off underwater?
Why do wooden piles need to be cut off underwater?
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What is typically placed between the driving block and the concrete in a driving head for pre-cast piles?
What is typically placed between the driving block and the concrete in a driving head for pre-cast piles?
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What spacing is generally used for concrete piles?
What spacing is generally used for concrete piles?
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What component helps attach adjacent sticks in timber construction?
What component helps attach adjacent sticks in timber construction?
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What is a requirement for concrete piles when a steel casing surrounds them?
What is a requirement for concrete piles when a steel casing surrounds them?
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What primarily supports friction piles?
What primarily supports friction piles?
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What is the minimum diameter for wooden piles used in heavy buildings?
What is the minimum diameter for wooden piles used in heavy buildings?
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What type of hammer is increasingly replacing the ordinary drop-hammer in pile driving?
What type of hammer is increasingly replacing the ordinary drop-hammer in pile driving?
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What is the main purpose of a mat foundation?
What is the main purpose of a mat foundation?
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What is a key consideration when driving wooden piles?
What is a key consideration when driving wooden piles?
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What is a key characteristic of steel grillage foundations?
What is a key characteristic of steel grillage foundations?
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What occurs when a pile refuses to sink under several blows?
What occurs when a pile refuses to sink under several blows?
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Under what conditions are deep foundations typically used?
Under what conditions are deep foundations typically used?
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When using a drop-hammer for driving piles, what should be the hammer's fall adjustment when penetration becomes small?
When using a drop-hammer for driving piles, what should be the hammer's fall adjustment when penetration becomes small?
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What is the purpose of a pile cap in pile foundations?
What is the purpose of a pile cap in pile foundations?
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What is characterized by the number of blows delivered by a steam hammer?
What is characterized by the number of blows delivered by a steam hammer?
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End bearing piles primarily rely on which type of support?
End bearing piles primarily rely on which type of support?
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What is the consequence of using excessive blows on a pile that has reached its limit of penetration?
What is the consequence of using excessive blows on a pile that has reached its limit of penetration?
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What minimum thickness of concrete is recommended beneath steel grillage foundations?
What minimum thickness of concrete is recommended beneath steel grillage foundations?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of deep foundation?
Which of the following is NOT a type of deep foundation?
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What is a critical aspect of placing beams in a steel grillage foundation?
What is a critical aspect of placing beams in a steel grillage foundation?
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What is a defining characteristic of cast-in-place piles?
What is a defining characteristic of cast-in-place piles?
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Which type of cast-in-place pile is referred to as an 'uncased pile'?
Which type of cast-in-place pile is referred to as an 'uncased pile'?
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What distinguishes steel piles from other types of piles?
What distinguishes steel piles from other types of piles?
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What method is used to form caissons?
What method is used to form caissons?
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What is the typical diameter range of steel pipes used in steel piles?
What is the typical diameter range of steel pipes used in steel piles?
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In the construction of a pedestal pile, what is done after the steel driving core is removed?
In the construction of a pedestal pile, what is done after the steel driving core is removed?
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Which statement is true regarding the driving process of steel piles?
Which statement is true regarding the driving process of steel piles?
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What is a common element in the composition of all types of cast-in-place piles?
What is a common element in the composition of all types of cast-in-place piles?
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What is the primary function of a foundation system in construction?
What is the primary function of a foundation system in construction?
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Which type of foundation is best suited for stable soil located near the ground surface?
Which type of foundation is best suited for stable soil located near the ground surface?
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What distinguishes individual or isolated footings from other types of foundations?
What distinguishes individual or isolated footings from other types of foundations?
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What purpose do combined foundations serve?
What purpose do combined foundations serve?
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What is a key characteristic of cantilevered footings?
What is a key characteristic of cantilevered footings?
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Continuous footings can serve which of the following functions?
Continuous footings can serve which of the following functions?
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What design consideration is crucial for combined column footings?
What design consideration is crucial for combined column footings?
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What defines the primary use of strip footings in construction?
What defines the primary use of strip footings in construction?
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What is the purpose of the iron pile ring?
What is the purpose of the iron pile ring?
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In which soil condition do piles drive better with a square point?
In which soil condition do piles drive better with a square point?
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What is the usual spacing requirement for driving piles?
What is the usual spacing requirement for driving piles?
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What is the maximum allowable load on wood piles?
What is the maximum allowable load on wood piles?
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What type of cap is usually preferred for piles and how thick is it typically?
What type of cap is usually preferred for piles and how thick is it typically?
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What should be done to piles that will be driven in or exposed to salt water?
What should be done to piles that will be driven in or exposed to salt water?
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When capping piles with timber grillages, what is the minimum cross-section size for the timbers?
When capping piles with timber grillages, what is the minimum cross-section size for the timbers?
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What may happen if long piles are driven closer than 2 ft on centers?
What may happen if long piles are driven closer than 2 ft on centers?
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Study Notes
Foundation Systems
- Foundation systems transfer loads from structures to the ground.
- Two main types: shallow and deep foundations.
Shallow Foundations
- Used when stable soil with adequate bearing capacity exists near the surface.
- Transfer loads directly to supporting soil.
- Types include:
- Individual/isolated footings:
- Block or square footings
- Stepped footings
- Slope or pyramidal footings
- Strip footings: continuous footings for foundation walls. Can be stepped to accommodate sloping grades.
- Combined footings: support two or more columns. Designed so the center of gravity of the footing area coincides with the combined loads.
- Cantilevered footings: connect exterior and interior columns with a tie-beam or strap. The strap sits level with the top of footings.
- Continuous footings:
- Support a line of columns.
- Support all columns with strips at right angles to each other.
- Can also be inverted slab or inverted tee continuous footings.
- Mat/raft foundations: used when the soil has low bearing power and unequal settlement is a concern. All parts of the foundation are interconnected to act as one. Types include:
- Flat slabs of plain or reinforced concrete.
- Beams or girders with a slab underneath.
- Beams or girders with a slab on top.
- Individual/isolated footings:
Deep Foundations
- Used when the soil underlying a shallow foundation is unstable or inadequate.
- Transfer loads to a more stable stratum (rock or dense material) below the superstructure.
- Types include:
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Pile foundations:
- System of end-bearing or friction piles, pile caps, and tie beams to transfer loads.
- End bearing piles: depend on soil/rock resistance.
- Friction piles: depend on friction between the pile and soil.
- Wood piles: made from tree trunks. Driven by a drop-hammer or steam-hammer.
- Concrete piles: molded in place or pre-cast. Used on land or in water. Preferable to wooden piles if the area is prone to water damage.
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Steel grillage foundations: use steel rails or beams to distribute load over a wide area for a minimum of depth, usually when excavation should be avoided.
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Caisson foundations: cast-in-place concrete pier formed by boring, usually with a large auger or excavating a shaft. May also be called drilled piles or piers. Rock caissons use an H-section core within the concrete.
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Description
Test your knowledge on foundation systems, focusing specifically on shallow foundations. This quiz covers different types of shallow foundations, their purposes, and characteristics. Understand how different footings work to transfer loads from structures to the ground.
