Fossils and Their Types
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Questions and Answers

How can you study life evolution on planet Earth?

By organizing a trip to a geological museum to observe fossils.

Fossils are the remains of old living organisms that are preserved in sedimentary rocks.

True

What are traces?

Traces are the remains of an old living organism that indicate its activity during its life.

Which of the following are examples of traces?

<p>Dinosaur's foot print</p> Signup and view all the answers

Remains are the traces that indicate the remains of an old living organism after death.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the science that studies fossils?

<p>Paleontology</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the types of fossils that are classified according to their formation (or preservation)?

<p>Cast</p> Signup and view all the answers

A complete body fossil is a fossil that keeps the whole shape and all the details of the body of the living organism.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

A mammoth fossil preserved in snow is a typical example of a complete body fossil.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Amber is a solidified resinous matter secreted by pine trees in old geologic ages.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the conditions for the formation of an amber fossil?

<p>A rapid burial of insects by the secretion of resinous matter from pine trees.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Amber is considered as a suitable medium for the formation of complete body fossils.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a Mold fossil?

<p>The replica of the internal details of an old living organism that is left after its death in sedimentary rocks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of the fossil for a dinosaur's foot print?

<p>Trace</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a mold fossil?

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how a mold fossil forms.

<p>When a snail dies, it falls on the sea floor, its soft parts decompose, and the sediments fill up the shell cavities. After the shell decomposes, a solid rock mold is left with the internal details of the snail.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a petrified fossil?

<p>A fossil that is completely replaced by minerals</p> Signup and view all the answers

Petrification is the process of conversion of the parts of old living organisms to rocky materials as a result of replacing the organic material of the organism with minerals, part by part.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are examples of petrified fossils?

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are petrified woods formed?

<p>Petrified woods are formed when minerals replace the wood material of trees, giving us details about the life of an old plant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Petrified woods are considered as fossils although they look like rocks.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What area in Qattamiya is known for its petrified forests?

<p>The Wood Mountain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Index fossils are fossils of organisms that had lived for a short period of time in the past and had a wide geographical range distribution.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Index fossils indicate the age of sedimentary rocks.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nummulites fossils indicate that the area was a sea floor.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ferns fossils indicate a hot and rainy tropical environment.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Coral fossils indicate a clear, warm, shallow sea environment.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The sequence of fossils in sedimentary rock layers according to their sequence of appearance is called fossil record.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct order of appearance in plant world according to the fossil record?

<p>Algae -&gt; Mosses and Ferns -&gt; Gymnosperms -&gt; Angiosperms</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the animal world, which group appeared first: invertebrates or vertebrates?

<p>Invertebrates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct order of appearance of vertebrates according to the fossil record?

<p>Fish -&gt; Amphibians -&gt; Reptiles -&gt; Birds and Mammals</p> Signup and view all the answers

Archaeopteryx fossil is considered a link between reptiles and birds.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct order of appearance in the animal kingdom according to fossil record?

<p>Trilobite -&gt; Cast fossil of fish -&gt; Archaeopteryx -&gt; Mammoth</p> Signup and view all the answers

When searching for petroleum, geologists take samples from the rocks of the exploratory wells.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do microfossils like foraminifera and radiolaria indicate?

<p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Fossils

  • Fossils are considered an exciting world, a story within sedimentary rocks. They reveal the deep past, millions of years before human existence.
  • Fossils are traces and remnants of ancient living organisms preserved in sedimentary rocks.
  • Traces are marks of an organism's activity during life.
  • Examples of traces include worm tunnels and dinosaur footprints.
  • Remains are the parts of an organism after death.
  • Examples of remains include shark teeth and dinosaur skulls.

Types of Fossils

  • Fossils are classified by how they formed (preserved).
  • Fossil of a complete body: Preserves the complete shape and detail of a deceased organism rapidly buried (e.g., snow, amber).
    • Mammoths preserved in snow are an example.
    • Amber, solidified tree resin, preserved insects.
  • Mold fossils: Form when an organism's hard parts are buried, the organism decays and a hollow impression is left in the surrounding rock.
    • A mold is a replica of the internal details.
  • Cast fossils: Form when minerals fill the hollow mold created by the decaying organism.
    • An external replica of the organism.
  • Petrified fossils: Minerals replace the organic material of an organism, preserving its shape.
    • Petrified wood is an example. This occurs in slowly changing conditions.

Fossil Formation

  • Minerals replace the organic matter of an organism.
  • The organism is buried quickly and is preserved from decomposition or decaying.
  • The appropriate environmental conditions are required for fossil formation.

Importance of Fossils

  • Age determination of sedimentary rocks.
  • Understanding paleoenvironments. This is figuring out the environment organisms lived in during the past e.g. climate.
  • Studying life evolution.
  • Petroleum exploration.

Fossil Record

  • The order that fossils appear in sedimentary rock layers shows how organisms evolved.
  • Life began in the sea and later developed on land.
  • Organisms evolved from simple to complex forms.

Animal Fossils

  • Invertebrates (e.g., corals, mollusks) came before vertebrates (e.g., fish).
  • Fish preceded amphibians, then reptiles, and finally birds and mammals.

Index Fossils

  • Organisms that lived briefly but were geographically widespread.
  • Their presence in sedimentary layers indicates the approximate age of the layer.

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Fossils Lesson 1 PDF

Description

Explore the fascinating world of fossils, which serve as evidence of ancient living organisms preserved in sedimentary rocks. This quiz covers different types of fossils, including complete body fossils and mold fossils, and their formation processes. Test your knowledge about traces, remains, and various fossil examples.

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