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Questions and Answers
Which of the following countries is NOT among the top petroleum producing countries?
What is the primary use of refined bitumen?
Which class of oil is used mainly to reduce friction and wear in mechanical components?
What is the main characteristic of diesel fuel in terms of ignition?
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Which of the following statements about fuel oil is true?
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Which of the following is a NOT typical use of kerosene?
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What is naphtha primarily produced from?
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Which type of oil is referred to as 'mineral oil'?
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What is the primary composition of coal?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of coal?
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What are two primary uses of coal?
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What is the primary use of petroleum-based gasoline?
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What process is involved in producing petroleum?
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Which gas is primarily involved in refining and is used for heating appliances and cooking equipment?
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Which element is NOT typically associated with fossil fuels?
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Which country is NOT one of the top producers of coal?
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Which of the following is a major environmental hazard associated with petroleum products?
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What is one way coal contributes to agriculture?
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Natural gas is primarily composed of which hydrocarbon?
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What is a significant agricultural application of gasoline and diesel fuels?
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Which of the following regions is known for having an abundant supply of petroleum?
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Which of the following processes can utilize natural gas as a feedstock?
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What is a common use of naphtha in the chemical industry?
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What unexpected issue can arise from dependence on petroleum resources?
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Study Notes
Fossil Fuels
- A general term for buried combustible geologic deposits of organic materials formed from decayed plants and animals.
- Includes coal, petroleum, and natural gas.
Coal
- Combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams.
- Composed primarily of carbon, along with variable quantities of other elements, chiefly hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen.
- Top producers are China, United States, India, European Union, and Australia respectively.
Types of Coal
- Peat
- Lignite
- Bituminous/Sub Bituminous
- Steam
- Anthracite
- Graphite
Petroleum
- A naturally occurring, yellow-to-black liquid found in geological formations beneath the Earth's surface, often refined into various types of fuels.
- The process involves exploration, extraction, refining, and transporting.
- Most countries in the Middle East have abundant supply of petroleum but according to U.S. Energy Information Administration, top petroleum producing countries are Russia, Saudi Arabia, United States, Iraq, Iran and China respectively.
Bitumen
- A low-grade of crude oil which is composed of complex, heavy hydrocarbons.
- Most refined bitumen is used in the construction industry commonly for paving and roofing applications.
- Minor uses include soundproofing, explosives, mildew protection, as a binder in briquettes, as a backing to mirrors, on shoe soles, as a fence post coating and in soil stabilization.
Fuel Oil
- Also known as heavy oil, marine fuel or furnace oil.
- Made of long hydrocarbon chains, particularly alkanes, cycloalkanes and aromatics.
- The heaviest commercial fuel commonly used for vessels (bunker fuel or bunker crude).
- Also used for heating home and commercial buildings, generating electricity from boilers, and fueling some vehicles such as trucks.
Lubricating Oil
- “Mineral oil” is used to refer to lubricating base oils derived from crude oil.
- Used to reduce the friction, heat, and wear between mechanical components that are in contact with each other.
- Typically used for mechanical components of engines such as gears, bearings, pistons, cylinders, turbines, and hydraulic components.
Diesel
- A liquid fuel used in diesel engines.
- Fuel ignition takes place, without any spark, as a result of compression of the inlet air mixture and then injection of fuel.
- Petroleum derived diesel is called petrodiesel.
- Used for cars, trucks, and heavy equipment and is also used for aircrafts and military vehicles.
Kerosene
- Also called paraffin or paraffin oil, flammable hydrocarbon liquid commonly used as a fuel.
- Typically pale yellow or colourless and has a not-unpleasant characteristic odour.
- Obtained from petroleum and is used for burning in kerosene lamps and domestic heaters or furnaces, as fuel or fuel component for jet engines, and as a solvent for greases and insecticides.
Naphtha
- A flammable liquid hydrocarbon mixture produced from commonly on petroleum distillates.
- Also produced from natural gas condensates, and the distillation of coal tar and peat.
- The most common raw material for the creation of plastics such as polypropylene and polyethylene.
- Can be found in various cleaning agents and as a dilution agent for paints, varnish, and asphalt.
- Can also breakdown to produce butane and gasoline.
Petrol
- Petrol or gasoline is a mixture of volatile, flammable liquid hydrocarbons derived from petroleum and used as fuel for internal-combustion engines.
- Used for cars, sport utility vehicles, light trucks, and motorcycles.
Refinery Gas
- Consists of mainly propane and butane gases which can be compressed or liquefied.
- Primarily used for used as fuel in heating appliances, cooking equipment, and vehicles.
- Also used as raw materials for refrigerants such as R-290 and R-600a.
Natural Gas
- A naturally occurring hydrocarbon gas mixture consisting primarily of methane (CH4) with small amounts of impurities such as CO2, N2, H2S, and He.
- Top producers include U.S., Russia, Iran, and Qatar respectively.
- A major source of electricity generation through the use of cogeneration, gas turbines and steam turbines.
- Commonly used for domestic and commercial purpose such as cooking and heating.
- CNG is a cleaner and also cheaper alternative to other automobile fuels such as gasoline (petrol) and diesel.
- A major feedstock for the production of ammonia, via the Haber process, for use in fertilizer production.
Negative Impact of Fossil Fuels
- Non-renewable
- Environmental Hazards
- Accidents can be disastrous
- Price fluctuations
- Overdependence
- Need Huge Amount of Reserves
- Impact on Aquatic Life by Oil Spill
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Description
This quiz covers the essential concepts of fossil fuels, including their definitions and types like coal and petroleum. Understand the processes involved in the formation and extraction of these vital energy sources. Perfect for students and enthusiasts interested in geology and energy resources.
