17 Questions
What is the main bacterium targeted by Fosfomycin?
E. coli
Which side effect is commonly associated with Fosfomycin use?
Nephrotoxicity
How do protein synthesis inhibitors affect bacterial cells?
Inhibit mRNA translation
Which subunit of the ribosome is targeted by protein synthesis inhibitors?
60S
What type of activity do protein synthesis inhibitors exhibit depending on their binding nature?
Bactericidal activity
Which class of antibiotics does Fosfomycin belong to based on its mechanism of action?
Protein synthesis inhibitors
What is the mechanism of action of tetracyclines?
Inhibition of protein synthesis
Which of the following statements about Amikacin is true?
It is effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
What makes Amikacin less susceptible to inactivating enzymes compared to other aminoglycosides?
Its chemical structure
Which of the following bacteria is Neomycin active against?
Penicillin-resistant staphylococci
Which antibiotic is used to treat rosacea and prevent rhinophyma?
Doxycycline
Which bacterial strains is Clindamycin most effective against?
Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE)
What is the main side effect associated with Clindamycin usage?
Low platelet count
How does Linezolid (Oxazolidinone) primarily affect bacterial protein synthesis?
Disrupting initiation complex formation
Which antibiotic is considered a second-generation oxazolidinone derivative that is more potent against MRSA and VRE?
Tedizolid
What is a significant advantage of Fosfomycin when compared to other antibiotics?
Low risk of nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity
How does Fosfomycin primarily exert its antibiotic effect?
Inhibition of nucleotide synthesis
Study Notes
Fosfomycin
- Rapid bactericidal effect and wide antibacterial spectrum including MRSA, VRE, and many Gram-negative bacteria
- Used to treat urinary tract infections and cystitis in women
- Side effects: Nephrotoxicity
Protein Synthesis Inhibitors
- Inhibit either the 30S or 50S ribosomal subunit, which differs from mammalian ones
- Can be bactericidal or bacteriostatic depending on the type of binding
- Classification: Macrolides, Clindamycin, Chloramphenicol, Aminoglycosides, Tetracyclins, and Linazolid
Aminoglycosides
- Bactericidal
- Examples: Amikacin, Gentamicin, Tobramycin, Streptomycin, Neomycin, and Kanamycin
- Uses: Broad-spectrum antibiotics, used in pseudomonal infections and in the treatment of tuberculosis
- Toxicity: Nephrotoxicity and Ototoxicity
Tetracyclines
- Bacteriostatic
- Act by reversibly binding to the 30S subunit of the ribosome at the A-site
- Examples: Oxytetracycline, Minocycline, Doxycycline
- Uses: Treat rosacea, prevent rhinophyma, and cover atypical bacteria, Gram-positive, and Gram-negative bacteria
- Spectrum: Includes Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Rickettsiae, and Spirochetes, but not active against S. pyogenes and P. aeruginosa
Lincosamides
- Bacteriostatic
- Examples: Lincomycin, Clindamycin
- Uses: Effective against anaerobes, Gram-positive cocci, and MRSA
- Side effects: Pseudomembranous Colitis
Oxazolidinones
- Bacteriostatic
- Examples: Linezolid
- Uses: Active against Gram-positive bacteria, including VRE and MRSA, and can be used in people with liver disease or poor kidney function
- Side effects: Long-term usage (>2 weeks) may be associated with low platelet count
- Tedizolid is a second-generation oxazolidinone derivative that is 4-to-16-fold more potent against MRSA and VRE
Test your knowledge on Fosfomycin Streptomyces wedmorensis, an antibiotic with rapid bactericidal effect against MRSA, VRE, and Gram-negative bacteria. Explore its uses in treating skin infections and urinary tract infections, along with potential side effects.
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