Questions and Answers
Which antibiotic inhibits peptidoglycan polymerization by preventing the transglycosylation step?
Which of the following antibiotics is known to be nephrotoxic when used systemically?
What is a common effect of Tetracyclines on the body?
Which antibiotic is effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as certain protozoa?
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What occurs during the mechanism of action of Bacitracin?
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Which of the following is true regarding Daptomycin?
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Which of these antibiotics is indicated for the treatment of Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea?
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Which antibiotic binds to the 30S subunit of the ribosome?
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What is the primary mechanism of action for natural penicillins?
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Which of the following bacterial infections is primarily treated with natural penicillin?
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Which antibiotic class is specifically used to treat penicillinase-producing Staphylococci?
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What spectrum of activity do amoxicillin and ampicillin cover?
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Which of the following is a common adverse reaction associated with antibiotic use?
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Which antibiotic is used as a drug of choice for treating Syphilis?
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Extended spectrum penicillins are primarily effective against which type of organisms?
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What is the role of the MRSA identification test in antibiotic treatment?
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What type of antibiotic is Tigecycline classified as?
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Which antibiotics are effective against Chlamydia trachomatis infections?
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What is a common side effect associated with Erythromycin?
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What mechanism do Macrolides, such as Azithromycin, primarily use to inhibit bacterial growth?
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Enterococcus faecalis is typically treated with which antibiotic class?
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What is a potential side effect of using Amikacin?
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What is the action of Glycylcyclines against bacteria?
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Which antibiotic is known for targeting intracellular pathogens such as Chlamydia?
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Study Notes
Antibiotics and Mechanisms of Action
- Fosfomycin: Inhibits peptidoglycan polymerization by preventing the transglycosylation step; effective against enterococci; administered IV as 125mg PO four times daily for 10 days.
- Bacitracin: Targets Gram+ bacteria; interferes with dephosphorylation in the lipid carrier cycle, which transports peptidoglycan subunits; nephrotoxic when systemic, hence used topically for surface lesions.
Cell Membrane Targeting Antibiotics
- Colistin (Polymyxin): Bactericidal action; primarily targets cell membrane of Gram- bacteria.
- Daptomycin (Cyclic Lipopeptide): Bactericidal; effective against Gram+, Gram-, and protozoa, used for various infections including those caused by resistant strains.
Tetracyclines
- Tetracycline, Oxytetracycline, Doxycycline, Minocycline: Bacteriostatic agents; bind to the 30S ribosomal subunit, affecting protein synthesis; side effects include GI discomfort and effects on calcified tissues, particularly in growth.
Penicillin Class
- Natural Penicillin (Penicillin G, Penicillin V): Effective against Gram+ cocci, Gram+ bacilli, Gram- cocci, and spirochetes; first-line treatment for syphilis and gas gangrene.
- Anti-Staphylococcal Penicillins (Methicillin, Nafcillin, Oxacillin, Dicloxacillin): Used against penicillinase-producing Staphylococci; includes MSSA; can help identify MRSA.
- Extended-Spectrum Penicillin (Ampicillin, Amoxicillin): Covers additional bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa; inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by preventing cross-linkage.
Aminoglycosides
- Amikacin, Gentamicin, Netilmicin, Verdamicin: Effective against enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium; can be used in combination with β-lactams for infective endocarditis.
Glycylcyclines
- Tigecycline: Bacteriostatic; provides broad-spectrum coverage but with limited clinical application.
Macrolides
- Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, Azithromycin, Telithromycin: Bacteriostatic; bind to the 50S ribosomal subunit, inhibiting protein synthesis; utilized for respiratory infections and urethritis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis; side effects may include cholestatic jaundice and ototoxicity.
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Description
This quiz covers the role of antibiotics, specifically fosfomycin, in inhibiting peptidoglycan polymerization. It explores its effects on enterococci and associations with conditions such as antibiotic-associated colitis and Clostridium difficile diarrhea. Test your knowledge on these important microbial concepts.
