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Questions and Answers
Which antibiotic inhibits peptidoglycan polymerization by preventing the transglycosylation step?
Which antibiotic inhibits peptidoglycan polymerization by preventing the transglycosylation step?
Which of the following antibiotics is known to be nephrotoxic when used systemically?
Which of the following antibiotics is known to be nephrotoxic when used systemically?
What is a common effect of Tetracyclines on the body?
What is a common effect of Tetracyclines on the body?
Which antibiotic is effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as certain protozoa?
Which antibiotic is effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as certain protozoa?
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What occurs during the mechanism of action of Bacitracin?
What occurs during the mechanism of action of Bacitracin?
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Which of the following is true regarding Daptomycin?
Which of the following is true regarding Daptomycin?
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Which of these antibiotics is indicated for the treatment of Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea?
Which of these antibiotics is indicated for the treatment of Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea?
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Which antibiotic binds to the 30S subunit of the ribosome?
Which antibiotic binds to the 30S subunit of the ribosome?
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What is the primary mechanism of action for natural penicillins?
What is the primary mechanism of action for natural penicillins?
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Which of the following bacterial infections is primarily treated with natural penicillin?
Which of the following bacterial infections is primarily treated with natural penicillin?
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Which antibiotic class is specifically used to treat penicillinase-producing Staphylococci?
Which antibiotic class is specifically used to treat penicillinase-producing Staphylococci?
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What spectrum of activity do amoxicillin and ampicillin cover?
What spectrum of activity do amoxicillin and ampicillin cover?
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Which of the following is a common adverse reaction associated with antibiotic use?
Which of the following is a common adverse reaction associated with antibiotic use?
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Which antibiotic is used as a drug of choice for treating Syphilis?
Which antibiotic is used as a drug of choice for treating Syphilis?
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Extended spectrum penicillins are primarily effective against which type of organisms?
Extended spectrum penicillins are primarily effective against which type of organisms?
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What is the role of the MRSA identification test in antibiotic treatment?
What is the role of the MRSA identification test in antibiotic treatment?
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What type of antibiotic is Tigecycline classified as?
What type of antibiotic is Tigecycline classified as?
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Which antibiotics are effective against Chlamydia trachomatis infections?
Which antibiotics are effective against Chlamydia trachomatis infections?
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What is a common side effect associated with Erythromycin?
What is a common side effect associated with Erythromycin?
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What mechanism do Macrolides, such as Azithromycin, primarily use to inhibit bacterial growth?
What mechanism do Macrolides, such as Azithromycin, primarily use to inhibit bacterial growth?
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Enterococcus faecalis is typically treated with which antibiotic class?
Enterococcus faecalis is typically treated with which antibiotic class?
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What is a potential side effect of using Amikacin?
What is a potential side effect of using Amikacin?
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What is the action of Glycylcyclines against bacteria?
What is the action of Glycylcyclines against bacteria?
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Which antibiotic is known for targeting intracellular pathogens such as Chlamydia?
Which antibiotic is known for targeting intracellular pathogens such as Chlamydia?
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Study Notes
Antibiotics and Mechanisms of Action
- Fosfomycin: Inhibits peptidoglycan polymerization by preventing the transglycosylation step; effective against enterococci; administered IV as 125mg PO four times daily for 10 days.
- Bacitracin: Targets Gram+ bacteria; interferes with dephosphorylation in the lipid carrier cycle, which transports peptidoglycan subunits; nephrotoxic when systemic, hence used topically for surface lesions.
Cell Membrane Targeting Antibiotics
- Colistin (Polymyxin): Bactericidal action; primarily targets cell membrane of Gram- bacteria.
- Daptomycin (Cyclic Lipopeptide): Bactericidal; effective against Gram+, Gram-, and protozoa, used for various infections including those caused by resistant strains.
Tetracyclines
- Tetracycline, Oxytetracycline, Doxycycline, Minocycline: Bacteriostatic agents; bind to the 30S ribosomal subunit, affecting protein synthesis; side effects include GI discomfort and effects on calcified tissues, particularly in growth.
Penicillin Class
- Natural Penicillin (Penicillin G, Penicillin V): Effective against Gram+ cocci, Gram+ bacilli, Gram- cocci, and spirochetes; first-line treatment for syphilis and gas gangrene.
- Anti-Staphylococcal Penicillins (Methicillin, Nafcillin, Oxacillin, Dicloxacillin): Used against penicillinase-producing Staphylococci; includes MSSA; can help identify MRSA.
- Extended-Spectrum Penicillin (Ampicillin, Amoxicillin): Covers additional bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa; inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by preventing cross-linkage.
Aminoglycosides
- Amikacin, Gentamicin, Netilmicin, Verdamicin: Effective against enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium; can be used in combination with β-lactams for infective endocarditis.
Glycylcyclines
- Tigecycline: Bacteriostatic; provides broad-spectrum coverage but with limited clinical application.
Macrolides
- Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, Azithromycin, Telithromycin: Bacteriostatic; bind to the 50S ribosomal subunit, inhibiting protein synthesis; utilized for respiratory infections and urethritis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis; side effects may include cholestatic jaundice and ototoxicity.
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Description
This quiz covers the role of antibiotics, specifically fosfomycin, in inhibiting peptidoglycan polymerization. It explores its effects on enterococci and associations with conditions such as antibiotic-associated colitis and Clostridium difficile diarrhea. Test your knowledge on these important microbial concepts.
