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Questions and Answers
What is an example of horizontal power sharing?
What is an example of horizontal power sharing?
In a federal system, the central government has the power to make laws on all subjects.
In a federal system, the central government has the power to make laws on all subjects.
False
What is the principle of federalism?
What is the principle of federalism?
Power is divided between the central government and regional governments.
The _______________ list includes subjects on which both the union and state governments have the power to make laws.
The _______________ list includes subjects on which both the union and state governments have the power to make laws.
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What is an example of territorial power sharing?
What is an example of territorial power sharing?
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The union government is responsible for matters that affect only the state or region.
The union government is responsible for matters that affect only the state or region.
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What is self-rule?
What is self-rule?
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Match the forms of power sharing with their definitions:
Match the forms of power sharing with their definitions:
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The state government is responsible for matters that affect the _______________ or region.
The state government is responsible for matters that affect the _______________ or region.
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Which type of power sharing is also known as separation of powers?
Which type of power sharing is also known as separation of powers?
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In a coalition government, one party has all the power and decision-making authority.
In a coalition government, one party has all the power and decision-making authority.
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What is the main purpose of horizontal power sharing?
What is the main purpose of horizontal power sharing?
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Vertical power sharing is also known as ______________________.
Vertical power sharing is also known as ______________________.
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Which type of power sharing recognizes the diversity of society and gives power to different groups and communities?
Which type of power sharing recognizes the diversity of society and gives power to different groups and communities?
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In a rotational power sharing system, power is rotated among different groups or individuals at regular intervals.
In a rotational power sharing system, power is rotated among different groups or individuals at regular intervals.
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What is the main purpose of constitutional power sharing?
What is the main purpose of constitutional power sharing?
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In a coalition government, decisions are made through ______________________ among the parties.
In a coalition government, decisions are made through ______________________ among the parties.
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Match the forms of power sharing with their definitions:
Match the forms of power sharing with their definitions:
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In a federal system, the central government has the power to make laws on all subjects.
In a federal system, the central government has the power to make laws on all subjects.
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Study Notes
Forms of Power Sharing
- Horizontal Power Sharing:
- Division of power among different branches of government (legislative, executive, and judiciary)
- Examples: Separation of powers in the US, checks and balances
- Vertical Power Sharing:
- Division of power between central and regional governments
- Examples: Federalism in the US, Canada, and India
- Territorial Power Sharing:
- Division of power among different regions or territories
- Examples: Autonomy to regions in Spain, devolution in the UK
Principles of Power Sharing
- Self-Rule: Regions or communities have a significant degree of autonomy
- Shared Rule: Power is shared between the central government and regional governments
- Principle of Federalism: Power is divided between the central government and regional governments
- Protection of Minority Rights: Ensuring the rights of minority groups are protected
Union and State Government
-
Union Government:
- Also known as the central government
- Responsible for matters that affect the entire country (e.g., defense, foreign policy)
- Has the power to make laws on certain subjects
-
State Government:
- Responsible for matters that affect the state or region (e.g., education, healthcare)
- Has the power to make laws on certain subjects
-
Concurrent List:
- Subjects on which both the union and state governments have the power to make laws
- Examples: education, forests, trade unions
Forms of Power Sharing
- Horizontal power sharing involves the division of power among different branches of government, such as legislative, executive, and judiciary, ensuring a system of checks and balances, as seen in the US.
- Vertical power sharing involves the division of power between central and regional governments, as seen in federal systems like the US, Canada, and India.
- Territorial power sharing involves the division of power among different regions or territories, granting autonomy to regions, such as in Spain, or through devolution in the UK.
Principles of Power Sharing
Self-Rule and Shared Rule
- Self-rule enables regions or communities to have a significant degree of autonomy.
- Shared rule involves power sharing between the central government and regional governments, ensuring cooperation and collaboration.
Principles of Federalism
- The principle of federalism involves the division of power between the central government and regional governments, defining their respective roles and responsibilities.
Protection of Minority Rights
- The protection of minority rights ensures that the rights of minority groups are safeguarded and respected.
Union and State Government
Union Government
- The union government, also known as the central government, is responsible for matters that affect the entire country, such as defense and foreign policy.
- It has the power to make laws on certain subjects, shaping the country's overall direction.
State Government
- State governments are responsible for matters that affect the state or region, such as education and healthcare.
- They have the power to make laws on certain subjects, addressing local needs and priorities.
Concurrent List
- The concurrent list outlines subjects on which both the union and state governments have the power to make laws, such as education, forests, and trade unions.
- This shared authority enables cooperation and collaboration between the central and regional governments.
Horizontal Power Sharing
- Separation of powers among legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government to prevent domination
- Each branch has distinct responsibilities and powers to ensure balance and check on each other
Vertical Power Sharing
- Federalism: division of power between central government and smaller units of government (states or provinces)
- Central government handles national issues, while smaller units handle local issues
- Both levels of government have separate powers and responsibilities
Community Power Sharing
- Recognizes diversity of society and gives power to different groups and communities
- Examples of community power sharing include:
- Linguistic power sharing: giving power to different language groups
- Religious power sharing: giving power to different religious groups
- Ethnic power sharing: giving power to different ethnic groups
Constitutional Power Sharing
- Enshrines power sharing in a country's constitution
- Provides a framework for the distribution of power among different branches of government and levels of government
- Ensures power is shared in a fair and representative way, reflecting the population
Coalition Governments
- A form of power sharing where multiple parties come together to form a government
- Each party has a certain number of seats and level of influence in the government
- Decisions are made through negotiation and compromise among parties
Rotational Power Sharing
- System where power is rotated among different groups or individuals at regular intervals
- Examples include:
- Rotational presidency: rotating presidency among different groups or individuals
- Rotational leadership: rotating leadership positions among different groups or individuals
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Description
Understanding the different forms of power sharing, including horizontal, vertical, and territorial power sharing, and their examples in various countries.
