18 Questions
What is the primary characteristic of a direct democracy?
The people have the power to decide on issues directly through initiatives and referendums.
What is the main difference between a monarchy and a constitutional monarchy?
In a constitutional monarchy, the power to rule is divided between the monarch and another head of government, such as a Prime Minister.
What is the main goal of communism?
To achieve a classless society through the equal sharing of goods by the people.
What is the key characteristic of an oligarchy?
The people are ruled by a small group of individuals.
What is the main difference between a republic and a monarchy?
In a republic, the people elect a president or other leaders, whereas in a monarchy, the ruler inherits power.
What is the primary goal of federalism?
To share governing power between a central government and regional or local governments.
What is the essential principle at the heart of any democratic government?
Rule of law
In a parliamentary system of government, who is typically the head of government?
Prime minister
What is the term for the right to vote?
Suffrage
What is the concept that ensures citizens have the right to express their opinions and beliefs freely?
Freedom of speech
What is the term for the right to choose one's own religion?
Pluralism
What is the name of the proposed legislation that aims to promote equality and prevent discrimination based on sexual orientation, gender identity, and expression?
SOGIE bill
What is the term used to describe the variety of life on Earth?
biodiversity
What is the main cause of biodiversity loss due to human activities, according to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment?
habitat change
What is the term used to describe non-living components of an ecosystem?
abiotic
What is the term used to describe living components of an ecosystem?
biotic
What is the term used to describe species that are not indigenous to a particular habitat?
invasive species
What is one way to combat biodiversity loss?
identification of protected areas
Study Notes
Forms of Government
- Aristocracy: ruled by members of the nobility or upper class
- Capitalism: allows private ownership of properties and businesses
- Communism: aims for a classless society through equal sharing of goods, led by the government
- Constitutional Monarchy: power is divided between a monarch and a prime minister
- Democracy: power resides with the people
- Despotism: ruled by a single individual with absolute power
- Dictatorship: governed by an individual with absolute powers, assuming roles of the 3 branches
- Federalism: governing power is shared between a central government and regional/local governments
- Monarchy: absolute power held by a monarch (king or queen)
- Oligarchy: ruled by a few people
- Republic: people elect a president, not ruled by a monarch
- Revolutionary: existing government is forcibly overthrown
- Socialism: distribution of goods and basic utilities by the government
- Timocracy: leader chosen based on honor
Earth's Systems
- HYDROSPHERE: all bodies of water on Earth
- CRYOSPHERE: made up of ice, such as glaciers and snow fields
- LAND SURFACE: terrestrial components of the world
- BIOSPHERE: life forms, including marine and terrestrial plants and animals
- CLIMATE SYSTEM: Greek word "klima", includes atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, and geosphere
Democracy
- Rule of law: heart of any democratic government
- Separation of powers: power is distributed within the government (Legislative, Executive, Judiciary)
- Basic rights of freedom: human rights, civil rights, political rights
- Suffrage: right to vote
- Freedom of speech: citizens can voice out their opinions
- Pluralism: right to choose one's religion
- Dimensions of democracy: people, equality, common good, representation
Networks of Nature
- Ecological System: networks linking living beings with one another
- Biotic: living things
- Abiotic: non-living things
- Biodiversity: variety of life on Earth
- Causes of biodiversity loss: habitat change, overexploitation, invasive species, pollution, climate change
- Ways to combat biodiversity loss: identification of protected areas, species protection, payments for biodiversity, increased coordination, public awareness, and education
Test your knowledge of different forms of government, including direct and indirect democracy, aristocracy, capitalism, and communism. Learn about the characteristics of each system and how they are implemented in different societies.
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