Formation of Himalayas and Indo-Gangetic Plain
40 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which peak is correctly matched with its mountain range?

  • Nanda Devi — Kumaon Himalaya (correct)
  • Nokrek — Garhwal Himalaya
  • Namcha Barwa — Kumaon Himalaya
  • Kangchenjunga — Sikkim Himalaya (correct)

    • What is the significance of Namcha Barwa?

  • It forms a U-turn in the Brahmaputra River. (correct)
  • It is the highest peak in the Garhwal Himalayas.
  • It is the westernmost peak of the Himalayas.
  • It is the center of Nanda Devi National Park.

    • Which of the following is true regarding the eastern section of the Himalayas?

  • It includes Nanda Devi peak.
  • Peaks attain great elevations quickly. (correct)
  • It rises gradually from the plains.
  • The peaks are located far from the plains.

    • Nanda Devi is located in which district?

    <p>Chamoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the peaks in the western Himalayas compared to the eastern section?

    <p>They rise gradually from the plains.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mountain range does Nokrek belong to?

    <p>Meghalaya Plateau</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about Nanda Devi is incorrect?

    <p>It lies in the Assam Himalayas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the Nanda Devi National Park significant?

    <p>It has been designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the regional name of Mount Everest in Nepal?

    <p>Sagarmatha</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which range is primarily composed of volcanic rocks in the Lesser Himalayas?

    <p>The Pir Panjal Range</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How high do the elevations of the Middle Himalayas generally reach?

    <p>Between 3500 to 4500 meters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region in Nepal represents a continuation of the Mussoorie Range?

    <p>The Mahabharat Lekh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of slopes are characteristic of the southern side of the Lower Himalayas?

    <p>Steep and barren</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following ranges is located in Uttarakhand?

    <p>The Mussoorie Range</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which valleys are associated with the Middle Himalayas?

    <p>Kashmir, Kullu, and Kathmandu</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total length of the Middle Himalayas?

    <p>2400 km</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geographical feature is Dehra Dun known for?

    <p>It is the largest dun.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the Shiwalik Hills form?

    <p>By the deposition of conglomerates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'duar' refer to?

    <p>A mountain pass.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geological process is responsible for the formation of the parallel ranges in the Himalayas?

    <p>Folding and compression of rock layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area is known as Purvanchal?

    <p>The southern extensions of the Himalayas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic feature is observed in young fold mountains such as the Himalayas?

    <p>Steep slopes and unstable terrain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which river system do the rivers in Nagaland primarily belong to?

    <p>The Brahmaputra.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the highest peak in the Naga Hills?

    <p>Saramati</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which supercontinent existed around 250 million years ago?

    <p>Pangea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hills serve as the separation between the Naga Hills and Manipur Hills?

    <p>Barail Range</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the physiography of Manipur?

    <p>It has a large centralized lake.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant feature resulted from the northward movement of the Indian Plate?

    <p>Formation of the Himalayas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Tethys Geo-syncline associated with?

    <p>Deposition of sediments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hills are a part of the Meghalaya plateau?

    <p>Mikir, Khasi, Garo, and Jaintia hills.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following states does NOT include a section of the Western Himalayas?

    <p>Arunachal Pradesh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What separates the Meghalaya plateau from the Deccan Peninsula?

    <p>The Rajmahal Hills.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geological feature was formed as a result of the Indian Plate's subduction beneath the Eurasian Plate?

    <p>Indus-Tsangpo Suture Zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general elevation range of the Patkai Bum hills?

    <p>2,000 to 3,000 meters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process contributed to the filling of the Indo-Gangetic-Brahmaputra Plain?

    <p>Glacial melting and river deposits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hills are known as the Lushai Hills?

    <p>Mizo Hills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long is the Punjab Himalayas region?

    <p>560 km</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What elements were primarily deposited in the Tethys Sea during the breakup of Pangea?

    <p>Sediments from rivers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is the highest peak in Mizoram?

    <p>Blue Mountain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary river system of the Punjab Himalayas?

    <p>Indus River system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Formation of Himalayas

    • The Himalayas were formed around 150 million years ago due to the collision of the Indian Plate with the Eurasian Plate.
    • The Indian Plate, once part of Gondwanaland, moved northward.
    • The collision caused the sediments deposited in the Tethys Sea to compress, leading to the formation of the Himalayas and the Indo-Gangetic-Brahmaputra trough.
    • The Indian Plate’s subduction beneath the Eurasian Plate also led to the formation of features such as the Indus-Tsangpo Suture Zone and the Main Central Thrust.

    Formation of the Indo-Gangetic-Brahmaputra Plain

    • The rise of the Himalayas and the subsequent formation of glaciers led to the formation of new rivers.
    • These rivers deposited large amounts of alluvium, filling the depression and creating the Indo-Gangetic-Brahmaputra Plain.

    Lesser Himalayas (Middle Himalayas)

    • The Lesser Himalayas lie between the Greater Himalayas in the north and the Siwaliks in the south, running parallel to both ranges.
    • They have an elevation ranging from 3,500 to 4,500 meters above sea level.
    • Many peaks within this range surpass 5,050 meters and remain snow-covered throughout the year.
    • The Lesser Himalayas are more accessible for human interaction, with famous hill resorts like Shimla, Mussoorie, Ranikhet, Nainital, Almora, and Darjeeling located in this region.
    • This region consists of famous valleys such as Kashmir, Kangra, Kullu, Katmandu, and Pokhara.

    Important Ranges of the Lesser Himalayas

    • The Pir Panjal Range, stretching from the Jhelum River to the upper Beas River, is the most significant range in the Lesser Himalayas.
    • The Dhauladhar Range is located in Himachal Pradesh.
    • The Mussoorie Range and the Nag Tibba Range are located in Uttarakhand.
    • The Mahabharat Lekh is situated in Nepal.
    • The Dafla, Miri, Abor, and Mishmi hills are found in Arunachal Pradesh.

    Formation of Duns (Duars/Dooars)

    • The Shiwalik Hills were formed by the accumulation and deposition of conglomerates brought down by rivers.
    • These conglomerates obstructed and changed the river courses, forming temporary lakes.
    • Over time, the lakes gathered more conglomerates and filled in, leaving behind plains known as duns or doons in the west and duars in the east.

    Duars

    • The duars are located at the foothills of the eastern Himalayas in Northeast India around Bhutan.
    • They are like passes in the Eastern Himalayas near Bhutan.
    • The Western duars are located in northern West Bengal and are a portion of the Terai.

    Purvanchal (Eastern Hills)

    • The Purvanchal is a series of relatively low hills, southward extensions of the Himalayas that run along the northeastern edge of India.
    • They exhibit a convex shape to the west and extend from Arunachal Pradesh in the north to Mizoram in the south.
    • Most rivers in Nagaland are tributaries of the Brahmaputra River.
    • Rivers in Mizoram and Manipur are tributaries of the Barak River, which is itself a tributary of the Meghna River.
    • The rivers in the eastern part of Manipur are tributaries of the Chindwin, which is a tributary of the Irrawaddy in Myanmar.
    • Manipur has a unique physiography due to the presence of Loktak Lake in the center, surrounded by mountains.
    • Meghalaya Plateau, technically a part of the Deccan Peninsula, was separated from the peninsular rock base by the Garo-Rajmahal gap.
    • The region has the Garo, Khasi, Jaintia, and Mikir (Rengma) hills.

    Regional Hills of the Purvanchal

    • The regional hills in the Purvanchal are separated by numerous small rivers.
    • The hills are inhabited by numerous tribal groups practicing Jhum cultivation.

    Patkai Bum and Naga Hills

    • The Patkai Bum hills, composed of sandstone, have elevations ranging from 2,000 to 3,000 meters.
    • These hills merge into the Naga Hills, where Saramati (3,826 m) is the highest peak.
    • The Patkai Bum and Naga Hills form the watershed between India and Myanmar.

    Manipur Hills

    • The Manipur hills are located south of the Naga Hills, with elevations generally below 2,500 meters.
    • The Barail Range separates the Naga Hills and Manipur Hills.

    Mizo (Lushai) Hills

    • The Mizo Hills, with elevations of less than 1,500 meters, are located south of the Manipur Hills.
    • The highest point is Blue Mountain (2,157 m) in the south.

    Highest Peaks in Northeastern States

    • Arunachal Pradesh: Kangto
    • Nagaland: Saramati (3,841 m)
    • Manipur: Mt. Tempu (Esii/ISO)
    • Mizoram: Blue Mountain (2,157 m)
    • Tripura: Betling Sib (Betlingchip)

    Regional Division of Himalayas

    • The Western Himalayas include the Himalayan region from the Indus in the west to the Kali River in the east.
    • The region is distributed across three states: Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh, Himachal Pradesh, and Uttarakhand.

    Punjab Himalayas

    • The Punjab Himalayas include the region between the Indus and Sutlej rivers.
    • Predominantly located in Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh, it is known as the Kashmir and Himachal Himalayas.
    • Major ranges in this section include the Karakoram, Ladakh, Pir Panjal, Zaskar, and Dhauladhar.

    Eastern Section vs. Western Section of the Himalayas

    • The eastern section of the Himalayas rises abruptly from the plains of Bengal and Oudh, attaining great elevations within a short distance.
    • The western Himalayas rise gradually from the plains through a series of ranges.

    Important Peaks and their Location

    • Namcha Barwa is located at the easternmost edge of the Himalayas in Arunachal Pradesh.
    • Nanda Devi, the second-highest peak in India, is located in the Kumaon Himalayas within Uttarakhand.
    • The Nokrek Peak is situated in the Tura Range of Meghalaya Plateau.
    • The Garhwal Himalayas and Kumaon Himalayas are both located in Uttarakhand.

    Specific Information

    • Dehra Dun, the largest dun, has an approximate length of 35-45 km and a width of 22-25 km.
    • Mount Everest is known as Sagarmatha in Nepal and Qomolangma in China (Tibet).

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Himalayan Ranges - Part 1 PDF

    Description

    Explore the geological formation of the Himalayas, which arose from the collision between the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate approximately 150 million years ago. This quiz also covers the subsequent creation of the Indo-Gangetic-Brahmaputra Plain through sediment deposition from new rivers formed due to glacial activity. Test your knowledge on these significant geological processes.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser