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What does formalism primarily focus on in art criticism?

  • The meaning behind the artwork
  • The historical context of the artwork
  • The form and appearance of the artwork (correct)
  • The emotional impact of the artwork

    • Style can be used to identify an artist and provide context about their work.

    True

    Who believed that styles change in response to pre-existing beliefs?

    James Ackerman

    A _____ is an expert who evaluates art and can make judgments about its value and authenticity.

    <p>connoisseur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Formalism = Focus on form and appearance of artwork Style = Distinctive characteristics of an artist's work Connoisseurship = Expert judgment in art evaluation Monograph = Comprehensive study of an artist's oeuvre</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did Winckelmann believe architecture should prioritize?

    <p>Practical need</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Winckelmann believed that sculpture was primarily concerned with abstract forms rather than the human figure.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is contained within a monograph?

    <p>A biography and a critical catalogue of an artist's works</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Hellenism capture in relation to ancient Greek culture?

    <p>Cultural and intellectual spirit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Connoisseurs often focus on several art periods and various artists.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Morellian Method primarily focused on?

    <p>Minute details in artworks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of a monograph?

    <p>To show how an artist's style reflects their training and context.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Winckelmann described the Greek Ideal as a balance of embodying the pinnacle of moral and physical __________.

    <p>beauty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Roger Fry believed that modern art should directly parallel existing thoughts.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following methods did not play a significant role in art history according to the content?

    <p>Imagism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Kunstwollen' mean?

    <p>will to art</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following concepts with their descriptions:

    <p>Formalism = Defines the concept of style in art Hellenism = Captures the cultural spirit of ancient Greece The Greek Ideal = Embodies moral and physical beauty Riegl's work = Advocates understanding art within historical context</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Wölfflin believed that not everything is possible for every artist at all times.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Giovanni Morelli's method identifies artists through minute details like the way they paint _______.

    <p>ears</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept is associated with Alois Riegl?

    <p>Suprapersonal will to create art</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What qualities did Winckelmann emphasize in Hellenism?

    <p>Simplicity and clarity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Roger Fry believed that art needs to stay connected to real-life morals.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which school of thought did Alois Riegl belong to?

    <p>Vienna School of Art History</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following artists with their beliefs or concepts:

    <p>Giovanni Morelli = Art can be attributed through minute details Roger Fry = Art lives independently of real-life Alois Riegl = Kunstwollen - will to create art</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who emphasized the significance of cultural and historical contexts in art?

    <p>Riegl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Heinrich Wölfflin is known for his emphasis on the emotional expression in artworks.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the five opposites identified by Heinrich Wölfflin?

    <p>Linear vs. Painterly, Plane vs. Recession, Closed Form vs. Open Form, Multiplicity vs. Unity, Absolute Clarity vs. Relative Clarity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Johann Joachim Winckelmann is closely associated with the _________ movement.

    <p>Neoclassical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following art historians with their contributions:

    <p>Riegl = Importance of cultural context in art Heinrich Wölfflin = Five opposites in art Johann Joachim Winckelmann = Promotion of Classical art Pablo Picasso = Cubism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are characteristics of the Linear vs. Painterly opposition?

    <p>Sharpness and clarity of lines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Winckelmann's work influenced only modern painting and sculpture.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Winckelmann emphasize in his book 'The History on Ancient Art among the Greeks'?

    <p>The significance of Greek art and Hellenism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Formalism in Art History

    • Formalism is an art criticism method focusing on artwork's form (colors, shapes, composition) rather than meaning.
    • Formalism gained popularity in the mid-19th century, shifting focus from imitation (mimesis) to style.

    Style in Art

    • Style describes the distinctive characteristics of artworks or groups of artworks.
    • Style helps contextualize works and identify artists.
    • Examples: Impressionist style (bright colors, swirling lines) or Medieval style (religious imagery).
    • Style reflects artist training, influences, and personality, along with the cultural context of creation.
    • Styles change as solutions or responses to pre-existing beliefs, driven by human restlessness and challenges to conventions.

    Connoisseurship

    • Connoisseurs are experts in art taste who need direct knowledge of art to judge the artist or work.
    • They focus on specific periods, nations, or artists' lives.
    • Connoisseurs authenticate, appraise value, and write about art.

    Monographs

    • Monographs are definitive studies of an artist's complete works (oeuvre).
    • These include artist biographies, catalogues raisonnés (critical catalogues of works), and bibliographic references.
    • The goal is to analyze how the artist's style reflects their training and the era they worked in.
    • Monographs require extensive research and documentation.

    Giovanni Morelli

    • Morelli was an Italian 19th-century art critic who prioritized experience over belief.
    • Morelli developed the "Morellian Method" for attributing artworks based on minute details (like hand, ear, finger painting).
    • These details, considered like handwriting, could identify artists even without signatures or alterations.

    Roger Fry

    • Fry was an English art critic who championed Post-Impressionism.
    • Fry believed art had a unique, separate domain detached from everyday experience.
    • He believed that modern art was independent of real-life morals and ethics, free of preconceptions.

    Alois Riegl

    • Riegl was an Austrian art historian crucial for formalizing art history as an academic discipline.
    • He focused on the historical development of artistic style.
    • He researched textiles and believed "Kunstwollen" (will to art) is the guiding principle of art—a suprapersonal force directing art history.
    • Riegl emphasized context (cultural, historical, philosophical) as important in artistic creation.

    Heinrich Wölfflin

    • Wölfflin was a Swiss art historian who created a methodology for viewing art through formalist criteria.
    • He cataloged formalistic opposites (like linear/painterly, plane/recession) to compare artistic styles (e.g. Renaissance/Baroque).

    Johann Joachim Winckelmann

    • Winckelmann was a German archaeologist and art historian who was instrumental in reviving interest in Classical Art (particularly Ancient Greece).
    • His work focused on the Neoclassical movement.
    • He stressed that the Greek ideal in art focused on balance, harmony, and clarity. His work greatly influenced Western art, literature, and philosophy.

    Hellenism

    • Hellenism focuses on the cultural and intellectual spirit of ancient Greece, particularly the concepts of beauty, balance, and harmony.
    • Winckelmann emphasized these aspects as crucial in assessing Greek art.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the key concepts of formalism and style within art history. It covers how formalism shifts the focus to an artwork's form, as well as the characteristics defining different artistic styles. Test your knowledge on connoisseurship and its role in art appreciation.

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