Forensics Types of Evidence Flashcards

Study Notes

Types of Evidence in Forensics

Direct Evidence
- Links a defendant directly to a crime without inference.
- Example: Eyewitness testimony.
Circumstantial Evidence
- Implies a person committed a crime based on surrounding circumstances.
- Example: Witnesses observing a defendant fleeing a crime scene.
- Requires multiple pieces of evidence for a substantial impact.
Physical Evidence
- Material objects involved in litigation.
- Common types: Weapons, shoe prints, tire marks, and fibers from clothing.
Individual Physical Evidence
- Features unique to a specific source.
- Examples: Fingerprints, DNA, and striation marks on bullets.
Class Physical Evidence
- Associated with a group rather than an individual.
- Used to narrow down suspects or items.
- Examples: Blood type, shoe tread patterns, firearm make and model.
Forensic Evidence
- Scientific evidence developed through the scientific method.
- Generally accepted in the scientific community.
- Includes DNA matching, fingerprint identification, hair and fiber analysis.
Trace Evidence
- Created from contact between two objects.
- Examples: Gunshot residue, hair, fibers, soil, and pollen.
- Links individuals to specific locations.
Testimonial Evidence
- Delivered by witnesses under oath in court.
- Types of examinations: Direct examination (by prosecution) and cross-examination (by defense).
Expert Witness Evidence
- Testimony provided by individuals specializing in a field.
- Examples include forensic analysts, doctors, and fingerprint experts.
Digital Evidence
- Important for tracing criminal activity through computer data.
- Includes information on computers, phones, and other devices.
- Used for a variety of crimes, encompassing emails, texts, and location data.
Documentary Evidence
- Relates to information within documents such as contracts, deeds, or wills.
- Must be proven authentic to be admissible in court.
Demonstrative Evidence
- Objects, pictures, models, and devices used to illustrate facts in a trial.
Character Evidence
- Testimony about a person's character from others.
- Can be positive or negative.
Habit Evidence
- Demonstrates repetitive behaviors or responses of individuals.

Description

Explore the different types of evidence in forensics with these flashcards, focusing on direct and circumstantial evidence. Each card provides definitions and examples to enhance your understanding. Perfect for students studying forensic science.