Forensics Types of Evidence Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is direct evidence?

Evidence that implies a person committed a crime

Evidence linking a defendant directly to a crime (correct)

Evidence based on scientific methods

Testimony from expert witnesses

What is circumstantial evidence?

Evidence that implies a person committed a crime.

What does physical evidence refer to?

Any material object that may play a role in the litigation.

What is individual physical evidence?

Evidence with individual characteristics unique to a source. Signup and view all the answers

What is class physical evidence?

Physical evidence with characteristics associated with a group. Signup and view all the answers

What is forensic evidence?

Scientific evidence based on knowledge developed through the scientific method. Signup and view all the answers

What is trace evidence?

Evidence created when two objects make contact. Signup and view all the answers

What is testimonial evidence?

Evidence provided by a witness under oath. Signup and view all the answers

What type of evidence do expert witnesses provide?

Testimony about matters within their field of expertise. Signup and view all the answers

What is digital evidence?

Information stored or transmitted in binary form. Signup and view all the answers

What is documentary evidence?

Relevant evidence contained in documents. Signup and view all the answers

What is demonstrative evidence?

Objects, pictures, or models used to demonstrate facts in a trial. Signup and view all the answers

What is character evidence?

Testimony about a person's character traits. Signup and view all the answers

What is habit evidence?

Evidence of a repetitive response by a person. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Types of Evidence in Forensics

Direct Evidence
- Links a defendant directly to a crime without inference.
- Example: Eyewitness testimony.
Circumstantial Evidence
- Implies a person committed a crime based on surrounding circumstances.
- Example: Witnesses observing a defendant fleeing a crime scene.
- Requires multiple pieces of evidence for a substantial impact.
Physical Evidence
- Material objects involved in litigation.
- Common types: Weapons, shoe prints, tire marks, and fibers from clothing.
Individual Physical Evidence
- Features unique to a specific source.
- Examples: Fingerprints, DNA, and striation marks on bullets.
Class Physical Evidence
- Associated with a group rather than an individual.
- Used to narrow down suspects or items.
- Examples: Blood type, shoe tread patterns, firearm make and model.
Forensic Evidence
- Scientific evidence developed through the scientific method.
- Generally accepted in the scientific community.
- Includes DNA matching, fingerprint identification, hair and fiber analysis.
Trace Evidence
- Created from contact between two objects.
- Examples: Gunshot residue, hair, fibers, soil, and pollen.
- Links individuals to specific locations.
Testimonial Evidence
- Delivered by witnesses under oath in court.
- Types of examinations: Direct examination (by prosecution) and cross-examination (by defense).
Expert Witness Evidence
- Testimony provided by individuals specializing in a field.
- Examples include forensic analysts, doctors, and fingerprint experts.
Digital Evidence
- Important for tracing criminal activity through computer data.
- Includes information on computers, phones, and other devices.
- Used for a variety of crimes, encompassing emails, texts, and location data.
Documentary Evidence
- Relates to information within documents such as contracts, deeds, or wills.
- Must be proven authentic to be admissible in court.
Demonstrative Evidence
- Objects, pictures, models, and devices used to illustrate facts in a trial.
Character Evidence
- Testimony about a person's character from others.
- Can be positive or negative.
Habit Evidence
- Demonstrates repetitive behaviors or responses of individuals.

Description

Explore the different types of evidence in forensics with these flashcards, focusing on direct and circumstantial evidence. Each card provides definitions and examples to enhance your understanding. Perfect for students studying forensic science.