Questions and Answers
The likelihood of finding class physical evidence is ____ the likelihood of finding physical evidence with individual characteristics.
greater than
A component of the National Integrated Ballistic Information Network is called?
IBIS
When a forensics analyst determines the chemical composition of preparations that may contain illicit drugs such as heroin, cocaine, or barbiturates, this is an example of?
identification
Forensics databases are maintained for all of the following except?
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Physical evidence can be used to exonerate or exclude a person from suspicion if?
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In what year did the Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) become fully operational?
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If the laboratory can piece broken glass from a window or headlight together, then the evidence has _______ characteristics.
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The corroborative use of physical evidence means that it can be used to?
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Evidence having class characteristics can?
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The computerized database used to store DNA information is?
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The examination of a paint chip found on a hit-and-run victim's garment side-by-side with paint removed from a vehicle suspected of being involved in the incident is an example of?
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Physical evidence is considered to have _____ as that of eyewitness (testimonial) evidence.
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______ is a national fingerprint and criminal history system maintained by the FBI and launched in 1999.
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Determining that an explosive mixture contains dynamite is an example of the process of?
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Evidence with individual characteristics can lead to a determination of common origin (single source). Which type of evidence CANNOT yield such results?
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A comparison analysis subjects a suspect specimen and a control specimen to the same tests and examination for the ultimate purpose of determining?
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To calculate the overall frequency of occurrence of a blood type in a population, the _____ can be applied by using a series of blood factors that occur independently of each other.
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The value of class physical evidence lies in its ability to?
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Study Notes
Class Evidence vs Individual Evidence
- Class physical evidence is more likely to be found compared to physical evidence with individual characteristics.
- Class characteristics can help to exonerate an innocent suspect due to the absence of shared traits with evidence.
Forensic Databases
- IBIS is a component of the National Integrated Ballistic Information Network.
- CODIS is the computerized database used for storing DNA information and became fully operational in 1998.
- IAFIS, launched by the FBI in 1999, is a national fingerprint and criminal history system.
Chemical Analysis in Forensics
- Identification of chemical compositions in illicit drugs like heroin and cocaine falls under the identification process.
- Determining the presence of dynamite in an explosive mixture is also an example of identification.
Evidence Comparison and Analysis
- Comparison analysis involves examining a suspect specimen alongside a control specimen to determine if they share a common origin.
- For instance, analyzing a paint chip from a vehicle suspected in a hit-and-run against a chip found on the victim.
Value of Physical Evidence
- Physical evidence holds greater value than eyewitness (testimonial) evidence due to its objectivity.
- The corroborative use of physical evidence can support other investigative findings.
Statistical Analysis in Forensics
- The product rule allows for calculating the overall frequency of a blood type in a population using independent blood factors.
- A single-layer paint cannot yield common origin results unlike evidence with individual characteristics.
Investigative Techniques
- Exclusion of suspects can occur when a standard reference sample does not share characteristics with crime scene evidence.
- The absence of dental impressions in forensics databases highlights the limited scope of certain evidence types.
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Description
Test your knowledge of key concepts from Forensics Chapter 3 with these flashcards. Each card contains critical terms and their definitions, focusing on physical evidence and forensic analysis techniques. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of forensic science.
