Forensic Science

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Questions and Answers

Which individual is recognized for creating the first polygraph device?

  • Vittorio Benussi
  • William Marston
  • Dr. Leonarde Keeler
  • Dr. John Larson (correct)

Civil law primarily addresses what type of legal matters?

  • Forensic autopsies
  • Offenses against the state
  • Criminal investigations
  • Disputes between individuals or parties (correct)

Who is widely regarded as the 'father of criminal identification'?

  • Edmund Locard
  • Francis Galton
  • Cesare Lombroso
  • Alphonse Bertillon (correct)

In forensic science, what is the key function of spectrometry?

<p>To analyze the interaction between light and matter (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist is recognized for the discovery of the ABO blood group system?

<p>Dr. Karl Landsteiner (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for performing a Y-shaped incision during an autopsy?

<p>To remove internal organs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is regarded as the earliest known forensic pathologist?

<p>Paulus Zacchia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key role of an expert witness in a courtroom setting?

<p>To provide expert opinions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist pioneered the first DNA profiling test?

<p>Alec Jeffreys (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For what main reason is a forensic autopsy conducted?

<p>To determine the cause and manner of death (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a scenario where the cause of death is uncertain but foul play is suspected, which type of autopsy is MOST appropriate?

<p>Forensic autopsy, to determine cause and manner of death. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Considering the historical development of forensic medicine, which advancement had the MOST significant impact on the ability to detect poisonings in criminal investigations?

<p>The creation of the first test for detecting arsenic in corpses. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios BEST exemplifies Locard’s Exchange Principle in action at a crime scene?

<p>The presence of the victim's blood on the suspect's clothing and the suspect's hair at the crime scene. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a court of law, what distinguishes the testimony of an expert witness from that of an ordinary witness?

<p>An ordinary witness provides factual evidence, while an expert witness offers professional opinions based on their expertise. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If investigators seek to determine whether a suspect is being truthful about their whereabouts during a crime, which forensic tool would be the MOST relevant?

<p>Polygraph, to measure physiological responses during questioning. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A forensic scientist is tasked with identifying the components of an unknown substance found at a crime scene. Which analytical technique would be MOST suitable for this purpose?

<p>Chromatography, for separating and identifying components of a mixture. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a legal case, the defense argues that the victim's fingerprints at the crime scene are smudged and unreliable, which is MOST likely to refute this claim and strengthen fingerprint evidence?

<p>Comparing the fingerprints to a comprehensive, classified database to confirm unique characteristics. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions would be LEAST aligned with Cesare Lombroso's contributions to criminology?

<p>Analyzing crime scene evidence to connect a suspect to a crime based on transferred materials. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Forensic Autopsy Purpose

Determine the cause and manner of death.

Father of Legal Medicine

Paulus Zacchia

Not a wound type

Psychological trauma

Clinical Autopsy Focus

To confirm clinical diagnosis and study internal organs

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Locard’s Exchange Principle

Every contact leaves a trace.

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Pneumograph

Measures breathing patterns; used in lie detection.

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Chromatography purpose

To separate mixtures into their components

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Father of Forensic Toxicology

Mathieu Orfila

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First Polygraph Inventor?

Dr. John Larson invented the first polygraph device.

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Civil Law Focus?

Civil law primarily addresses disputes between individuals or parties.

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Father of Criminal Identification?

Alphonse Bertillon is known as the father of criminal identification.

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Spectrometry's Purpose?

Spectrometry analyzes interaction between light and matter.

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ABO Blood Group Discovery?

Dr. Karl Landsteiner discovered the ABO blood group system.

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First Forensic Pathologist?

Paulus Zacchia is considered the first forensic pathologist.

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Professional Witness Role?

Professional witness provides expert opinions in legal cases.

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First DNA Profiling Test?

Alec Jeffreys developed the first DNA profiling test.

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Father of Ballistics?

Col. Calvin Goddard is known as the father of ballistics.

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First Fingerprint Notes?

Marcello Malpighi is credited with the first recorded notes on fingerprint characteristics.

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Study Notes

  • A forensic or medico-legal autopsy primarily determines the cause and manner of death.
  • Paulus Zacchia is considered the father of legal medicine.
  • Psychological trauma is NOT a type of wound classified in forensic medicine.
  • A clinical or hospital autopsy mainly confirms clinical diagnoses and studies internal organs.
  • Antitius conducted the first recorded autopsy on Julius Caesar.
  • Locard's Exchange Principle states that every contact leaves a trace.
  • A pneumograph measures breathing patterns and is used in lie detection.
  • Cesare Lombroso is known as the father of criminology.
  • Chromatography in forensic science separates mixtures into their components.
  • Carl Wilhem Scheele developed the first successful test for detecting arsenic in corpses.
  • Francis Galton's main contribution to forensic science is classifying fingerprints.
  • A forensic witness is NOT a type of witness in legal cases.
  • The primary role of an expert witness in a legal case is to give a professional opinion.
  • Mathieu Orfila is considered the father of forensic toxicology.
  • Electrophoresis in forensic science separates DNA fragments.
  • William Marston invented the first polygraph device.
  • Civil law primarily focuses on disputes between individuals or parties.
  • Alphonse Bertillon is known as the father of criminal identification.
  • Spectrometry in forensic science analyzes the interaction between light and matter.
  • Dr. Karl Landsteiner discovered the ABO blood group system.
  • A Y-shaped cut during an autopsy primarily removes internal organs.
  • Paulus Zacchia is considered the first forensic pathologist.
  • The main purpose of a professional witness in a legal case is to testify about facts they observed
  • Alec Jeffreys developed the first DNA profiling test.
  • A forensic autopsy primarily determines the cause and manner of death.
  • Col. Calvin Goddard is known as the father of ballistics.
  • A polygraph in forensic investigations primarily measures blood pressure and respiration.
  • Marcello Malpighi is credited with the first recorded notes on fingerprint characteristics.
  • A clinical autopsy primarily confirms clinical diagnoses and studies internal organs.
  • Hans Gross is known as the founding father of criminal profiling.
  • A forensic autopsy's external examination primarily documents external injuries and characteristics.
  • Carl Wilhem Scheele is credited with the discovery of oxygen and arsenic detection methods.
  • A forensic autopsy's internal examination primarily removes and examines internal organs.
  • Francis Galton is known as the father of fingerprinting.
  • A forensic autopsy's documentation process primarily documents findings for legal proceedings.
  • Col. Calvin Goddard is credited with developing the comparison microscope for ballistics.
  • A forensic autopsy's photography process primarily documents findings for legal proceedings.
  • Edmund Locard is credited with developing the first crime laboratory.
  • A forensic autopsy includes collection of items for laboratory examination primarily collects evidence for legal proceedings.
  • Alec Jeffreys developed the first DNA profiling test.

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