Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is forensic science?
What is forensic science?
Forensic science is the application of science in a legal environment.
What is the aim of a forensic scientist?
What is the aim of a forensic scientist?
The aim of a forensic scientist is to objectively examine the evidence in a scientific manner and present the results clearly.
What is the role of a forensic serologist?
What is the role of a forensic serologist?
The role of a forensic serologist is to analyze biological evidence.
What are some types of samples routinely analyzed by a forensic serologist?
What are some types of samples routinely analyzed by a forensic serologist?
What measures are needed to prevent contamination of evidence?
What measures are needed to prevent contamination of evidence?
Which scientist first observed the agglutination of human blood cells with human sera and determined that blood could be distinguished by a specific group or type?
Which scientist first observed the agglutination of human blood cells with human sera and determined that blood could be distinguished by a specific group or type?
Who developed the first confirmatory test for hemoglobin?
Who developed the first confirmatory test for hemoglobin?
Which scientist identified differences between human blood types that formed the basis for ABO blood types?
Which scientist identified differences between human blood types that formed the basis for ABO blood types?
Who identified Rhesus blood factors?
Who identified Rhesus blood factors?
Who invented the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques?
Who invented the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques?
According to the Locard Exchange Principle, when two objects come into contact, there is a bi-directional transfer of material between the two objects.
According to the Locard Exchange Principle, when two objects come into contact, there is a bi-directional transfer of material between the two objects.
Which of the following is NOT a discipline within the field of Forensic Science mentioned in the text?
Which of the following is NOT a discipline within the field of Forensic Science mentioned in the text?
What is the main focus of Forensic Serology?
What is the main focus of Forensic Serology?
What is the term used for the evidence left behind when two objects have come into contact?
What is the term used for the evidence left behind when two objects have come into contact?
What is the term used to describe the transfer of material between two objects when they come into contact?
What is the term used to describe the transfer of material between two objects when they come into contact?
Which of the following factors can slow down the decomposition process of a body submerged in water?
Which of the following factors can slow down the decomposition process of a body submerged in water?
What is the waxy covering that can preserve a body called?
What is the waxy covering that can preserve a body called?
How long does it take for all soft tissues to disappear and only bones to remain?
How long does it take for all soft tissues to disappear and only bones to remain?
What can the pressure of internal gases in a decomposing body force out of the body?
What can the pressure of internal gases in a decomposing body force out of the body?
What can microorganisms present in soil do to buried bodies?
What can microorganisms present in soil do to buried bodies?
What is the term used to describe the process of body fats being hydrolyzed?
What is the term used to describe the process of body fats being hydrolyzed?
What can preserve bodies besides mummification and adipocere formation?
What can preserve bodies besides mummification and adipocere formation?
What can the pressure of internal gases in a decomposing body cause to appear on the skin?
What can the pressure of internal gases in a decomposing body cause to appear on the skin?
What is the term used to describe the process of buried bodies being decomposed by microorganisms in soil?
What is the term used to describe the process of buried bodies being decomposed by microorganisms in soil?
What is the primary reason for slower decomposition processes when a body is submerged in water?
What is the primary reason for slower decomposition processes when a body is submerged in water?
What are the effects of submersion in water on the decomposition process?
What are the effects of submersion in water on the decomposition process?
What is the term used to describe the formation of adipocere?
What is the term used to describe the formation of adipocere?
How long does it take for all soft tissues to disappear and only bones to remain?
How long does it take for all soft tissues to disappear and only bones to remain?
What is the term used to describe the process of buried bodies being decomposed by microorganisms in soil?
What is the term used to describe the process of buried bodies being decomposed by microorganisms in soil?
What can the pressure of internal gases in a decomposing body cause to appear on the skin?
What can the pressure of internal gases in a decomposing body cause to appear on the skin?
What is the recommended solution for decontaminating equipment used in the collection and processing of biohazardous tissues or fluids?
What is the recommended solution for decontaminating equipment used in the collection and processing of biohazardous tissues or fluids?
What is considered to be regulated medical waste (RMW) that requires specialized handling, labeling, storage, and disposal?
What is considered to be regulated medical waste (RMW) that requires specialized handling, labeling, storage, and disposal?
What type of personal protective equipment (PPE) should be worn when handling biological, chemical, and radioactive materials?
What type of personal protective equipment (PPE) should be worn when handling biological, chemical, and radioactive materials?
What type of footwear should be used at crime scenes when there is a risk of foot injuries due to falling objects or objects piercing the sole?
What type of footwear should be used at crime scenes when there is a risk of foot injuries due to falling objects or objects piercing the sole?
When is respiratory protection necessary at certain crime scenes?
When is respiratory protection necessary at certain crime scenes?
Which of the following is NOT a route of exposure to biological and chemical hazards mentioned in the text?
Which of the following is NOT a route of exposure to biological and chemical hazards mentioned in the text?
What is the primary focus of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standard on blood borne pathogens?
What is the primary focus of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standard on blood borne pathogens?
What are universal precautions in the context of blood borne pathogen safety?
What are universal precautions in the context of blood borne pathogen safety?
Which of the following is NOT a protective measure recommended to avoid direct contact with potentially infectious materials?
Which of the following is NOT a protective measure recommended to avoid direct contact with potentially infectious materials?
What is the most common hazard faced by forensic serologists?
What is the most common hazard faced by forensic serologists?
Which of the following is NOT a reason why crime scene photographs are important in a court of law?
Which of the following is NOT a reason why crime scene photographs are important in a court of law?
Why is the proper documentation, collection, and preservation of blood evidence important?
Why is the proper documentation, collection, and preservation of blood evidence important?
What can the shape and appearance of bloodstains and smears on clothing or other surfaces provide information about?
What can the shape and appearance of bloodstains and smears on clothing or other surfaces provide information about?
What type of physical evidence can be found in a vehicle used for a murder or to transport a victim?
What type of physical evidence can be found in a vehicle used for a murder or to transport a victim?
What are the procedures for searching a vehicle used for a murder or to transport a victim?
What are the procedures for searching a vehicle used for a murder or to transport a victim?
What are some challenges faced in DNA testing?
What are some challenges faced in DNA testing?
What are the objectives of this module?
What are the objectives of this module?
What is the importance of proper handling, collection, and storage of biological evidence?
What is the importance of proper handling, collection, and storage of biological evidence?
What types of samples are routinely analyzed by forensic serologists?
What types of samples are routinely analyzed by forensic serologists?
What can compromise the integrity of a DNA sample?
What can compromise the integrity of a DNA sample?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a good crime scene investigator?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a good crime scene investigator?
What is the most informative type of evidence in cases where the suspect and victim come into close contact or struggle with each other?
What is the most informative type of evidence in cases where the suspect and victim come into close contact or struggle with each other?
What is the most fragile evidence collected first when processing a crime scene?
What is the most fragile evidence collected first when processing a crime scene?
Which reagent is used to enhance latent fingerprints and other impressions in blood on non-porous surfaces?
Which reagent is used to enhance latent fingerprints and other impressions in blood on non-porous surfaces?
What color does amido black produce when it reacts with blood proteins?
What color does amido black produce when it reacts with blood proteins?
On which type of surfaces can amido black be difficult to discern the results?
On which type of surfaces can amido black be difficult to discern the results?
What can amido black be used to enhance besides latent fingerprints?
What can amido black be used to enhance besides latent fingerprints?
Which of the following is NOT a factor to consider when choosing a high intensity light for a forensic application?
Which of the following is NOT a factor to consider when choosing a high intensity light for a forensic application?
What is the purpose of using alternative light sources (ALS) in forensic investigations?
What is the purpose of using alternative light sources (ALS) in forensic investigations?
What is the purpose of using Luminol in crime scene investigations?
What is the purpose of using Luminol in crime scene investigations?
Which of the following is NOT a recommended method for packaging loose trace evidence during transport to the laboratory?
Which of the following is NOT a recommended method for packaging loose trace evidence during transport to the laboratory?
What is the recommended packaging method for transporting a large stained item to the laboratory?
What is the recommended packaging method for transporting a large stained item to the laboratory?
What is the maximum recommended storage time for wet biological evidence in sealed plastic containers?
What is the maximum recommended storage time for wet biological evidence in sealed plastic containers?
What is the recommended packaging method for wet evidence during transportation to the laboratory?
What is the recommended packaging method for wet evidence during transportation to the laboratory?
What type of containers should biological fluid reference samples be packaged in?
What type of containers should biological fluid reference samples be packaged in?
What should be included in the chain of custody documentation for a sample?
What should be included in the chain of custody documentation for a sample?
What samples are typically obtained from a victim in sexual assault cases?
What samples are typically obtained from a victim in sexual assault cases?
Why is it important to obtain swabs from a victim as soon as possible after the incident?
Why is it important to obtain swabs from a victim as soon as possible after the incident?
What can be a good source of evidence in sexual assault cases?
What can be a good source of evidence in sexual assault cases?
How can seminal stains on highly patterned fabric be located or highlighted?
How can seminal stains on highly patterned fabric be located or highlighted?
What is the purpose of collecting and recording evidence in a crime scene investigation?
What is the purpose of collecting and recording evidence in a crime scene investigation?
Why is it important to collect representative samples of bloodstains from areas away from the 'action' in a crime scene investigation?
Why is it important to collect representative samples of bloodstains from areas away from the 'action' in a crime scene investigation?
What is the recommended packaging material for most items of evidence in a crime scene investigation?
What is the recommended packaging material for most items of evidence in a crime scene investigation?
What type of samples are commonly analyzed by forensic serologists?
What type of samples are commonly analyzed by forensic serologists?
Why should evidence never be packaged in plastic containers?
Why should evidence never be packaged in plastic containers?
Which of the following is NOT a recommended method for storing bloodstained evidence?
Which of the following is NOT a recommended method for storing bloodstained evidence?
What is the recommended storage temperature for liquid reference samples?
What is the recommended storage temperature for liquid reference samples?
Which of the following information is NOT required to be recorded for chain of custody purposes?
Which of the following information is NOT required to be recorded for chain of custody purposes?
What is the purpose of chain of custody?
What is the purpose of chain of custody?
Where can further information on the collection and preservation of biological samples be found?
Where can further information on the collection and preservation of biological samples be found?
Which of the following is NOT a recommended method for storing biological swabs for short term storage?
Which of the following is NOT a recommended method for storing biological swabs for short term storage?
What is the minimum volume of urine needed to generate a DNA profile?
What is the minimum volume of urine needed to generate a DNA profile?
Which of the following is NOT a recommended method for collecting concentrated urine samples?
Which of the following is NOT a recommended method for collecting concentrated urine samples?
What is the recommended method for collecting fingernail clippings for DNA analysis?
What is the recommended method for collecting fingernail clippings for DNA analysis?
What is the recommended method for transporting bone, teeth, skin, and tissue samples for DNA analysis?
What is the recommended method for transporting bone, teeth, skin, and tissue samples for DNA analysis?
What are the commonly used techniques to find blood in forensic casework?
What are the commonly used techniques to find blood in forensic casework?
What is the significance of false positive and false negative tests in forensic biology?
What is the significance of false positive and false negative tests in forensic biology?
What is the difference between preliminary and confirmatory tests for blood?
What is the difference between preliminary and confirmatory tests for blood?
What is the chemistry behind preliminary tests and screening tests for blood?
What is the chemistry behind preliminary tests and screening tests for blood?
What is the role of specificity and sensitivity in forensic biology tests?
What is the role of specificity and sensitivity in forensic biology tests?
What are the steps involved in examining evidence in separate areas/rooms to avoid cross-contamination?
What are the steps involved in examining evidence in separate areas/rooms to avoid cross-contamination?
What are some characteristics of the item that should be noted during examination?
What are some characteristics of the item that should be noted during examination?
What are the steps involved in testing suspect stains on clothing?
What are the steps involved in testing suspect stains on clothing?
Which type of blood vessel has strong elastic walls and helps propel blood from the heart to the major organs of the body?
Which type of blood vessel has strong elastic walls and helps propel blood from the heart to the major organs of the body?
What determines whether blood oozes or spurts from an injury site?
What determines whether blood oozes or spurts from an injury site?
Which type of blood vessel returns the blood to the heart and is under much less pressure?
Which type of blood vessel returns the blood to the heart and is under much less pressure?
What is the characteristic result of damaging a high-pressure artery or arteriole?
What is the characteristic result of damaging a high-pressure artery or arteriole?
Which type of blood vessel is much less elastic and under much less pressure?
Which type of blood vessel is much less elastic and under much less pressure?
Which tool can be used to aid in locating blood stains on black or dark clothing?
Which tool can be used to aid in locating blood stains on black or dark clothing?
What is the first step in processing an item for the presence or absence of blood?
What is the first step in processing an item for the presence or absence of blood?
What is the appearance of old and degraded blood stains?
What is the appearance of old and degraded blood stains?
What is the purpose of presumptive tests for blood?
What is the purpose of presumptive tests for blood?
Which of the following is NOT a commonly used presumptive blood test?
Which of the following is NOT a commonly used presumptive blood test?
What is the usual test sequence for presumptive blood tests?
What is the usual test sequence for presumptive blood tests?
Which reagent is commonly used in the Kastle-Meyer blood test?
Which reagent is commonly used in the Kastle-Meyer blood test?
What is the benefit of using Hemastix test strips for blood detection?
What is the benefit of using Hemastix test strips for blood detection?
What is a drawback of using Hemastix as a presumptive indicator of blood?
What is a drawback of using Hemastix as a presumptive indicator of blood?
What is included in commercially available blood test kits for field testing?
What is included in commercially available blood test kits for field testing?
Which of the following is a confirmatory test for the presence of blood?
Which of the following is a confirmatory test for the presence of blood?
What is the advantage of using the Takayama test as a confirmatory test for blood?
What is the advantage of using the Takayama test as a confirmatory test for blood?
Why are microchemical tests for blood less sensitive than color tests?
Why are microchemical tests for blood less sensitive than color tests?
What is the main challenge in using microscopy to verify the presence of blood cells in dried bloodstains?
What is the main challenge in using microscopy to verify the presence of blood cells in dried bloodstains?
What can affect the integrity of dried red blood cells in a stain?
What can affect the integrity of dried red blood cells in a stain?
Which technique is considered to be a reliable method for distinguishing between different types of hemoglobin derivatives?
Which technique is considered to be a reliable method for distinguishing between different types of hemoglobin derivatives?
What is the ABAcard Hematrace test used to detect?
What is the ABAcard Hematrace test used to detect?
Why do some laboratories choose not to use the Hematrace test as a confirmatory test for human blood?
Why do some laboratories choose not to use the Hematrace test as a confirmatory test for human blood?
What is the basis for the ABAcard Hematrace test?
What is the basis for the ABAcard Hematrace test?
What precaution might laboratories take when using the Hematrace test to confirm human blood?
What precaution might laboratories take when using the Hematrace test to confirm human blood?
What are the available tools used in laboratories to aid in locating stains of interest?
What are the available tools used in laboratories to aid in locating stains of interest?
What are the commonly used techniques to locate and test semen, saliva, and other biological fluids in forensic casework?
What are the commonly used techniques to locate and test semen, saliva, and other biological fluids in forensic casework?
What issues are involved in multi-section cases?
What issues are involved in multi-section cases?
Which protein is secreted by the prostate gland and aids in dissolving the cervical mucus cap to aid in sperm entry?
Which protein is secreted by the prostate gland and aids in dissolving the cervical mucus cap to aid in sperm entry?
What is the molecular weight of the protein p30?
What is the molecular weight of the protein p30?
Which test is used to detect the presence of PSA in semen?
Which test is used to detect the presence of PSA in semen?
Which test card has a semi quantitative internal control set at 4ng/ml to aid in detecting semen concentration?
Which test card has a semi quantitative internal control set at 4ng/ml to aid in detecting semen concentration?
Which test is considered to be a confirmatory test for the presence of semen?
Which test is considered to be a confirmatory test for the presence of semen?
How long does sperm survive in the vagina after ejaculation?
How long does sperm survive in the vagina after ejaculation?
How long can intact spermatozoa persist in the vagina?
How long can intact spermatozoa persist in the vagina?
How long can sperm heads persist in the vagina?
How long can sperm heads persist in the vagina?
If abundant spermatozoa can be seen in every microscope field, when was the swab likely obtained?
If abundant spermatozoa can be seen in every microscope field, when was the swab likely obtained?
If the spermatozoa are very few or difficult to find on the slide, when could intercourse have occurred?
If the spermatozoa are very few or difficult to find on the slide, when could intercourse have occurred?
Which of the following glands produce saliva?
Which of the following glands produce saliva?
What is the function of saliva?
What is the function of saliva?
Which gland's saliva contains enzymes called amylases that facilitate the digestion of carbohydrates?
Which gland's saliva contains enzymes called amylases that facilitate the digestion of carbohydrates?
Which phase of hair growth is characterized by active hair growth and contains nucleated cells in the root and surrounding sheath material?
Which phase of hair growth is characterized by active hair growth and contains nucleated cells in the root and surrounding sheath material?
What is the main difference between human hairs and animal hairs?
What is the main difference between human hairs and animal hairs?
What is the average number of hairs a person sheds per day?
What is the average number of hairs a person sheds per day?
Which reagent is commonly used to identify amylase in a quantitative test?
Which reagent is commonly used to identify amylase in a quantitative test?
What is the purpose of the radial diffusion test for amylase detection?
What is the purpose of the radial diffusion test for amylase detection?
When is amylase testing often considered in sexual assault cases?
When is amylase testing often considered in sexual assault cases?
Which of the following is a presumptive test for urine?
Which of the following is a presumptive test for urine?
What is the basis of the Edelman test for feces?
What is the basis of the Edelman test for feces?
What is the purpose of the Lugol's test for vaginal secretions?
What is the purpose of the Lugol's test for vaginal secretions?
Which type of evidence should not be tested for touch DNA if it contains high concentrations of DNA from another body fluid?
Which type of evidence should not be tested for touch DNA if it contains high concentrations of DNA from another body fluid?
What should be done prior to screening an item of evidence for biological analysis?
What should be done prior to screening an item of evidence for biological analysis?
What should be done before screening an item of evidence for latent prints?
What should be done before screening an item of evidence for latent prints?
What specialized techniques were used in the analysis of biological evidence before DNA analysis became commonplace?
What specialized techniques were used in the analysis of biological evidence before DNA analysis became commonplace?
What is the significance of understanding these techniques for analysts working on cold or pre-adjudicated cases?
What is the significance of understanding these techniques for analysts working on cold or pre-adjudicated cases?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of biochemical markers and their forensic significance?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of biochemical markers and their forensic significance?
What is the relevance of post-conviction analysis in relation to these techniques?
What is the relevance of post-conviction analysis in relation to these techniques?
In what circumstances are these techniques still routinely used?
In what circumstances are these techniques still routinely used?
Which technique was commonly used in forensic serology for species identification?
Which technique was commonly used in forensic serology for species identification?
What is the principle behind the Ouchterlony double diffusion test?
What is the principle behind the Ouchterlony double diffusion test?
What is the most important parameter in species identification?
What is the most important parameter in species identification?
Which type of testing is less prone to false positive results?
Which type of testing is less prone to false positive results?
In which type of cases are these techniques also applicable?
In which type of cases are these techniques also applicable?
Which of the following is NOT a blood type phenotype?
Which of the following is NOT a blood type phenotype?
How many different genotypes are possible for the ABO blood group system?
How many different genotypes are possible for the ABO blood group system?
What is the precursor to A and B antigens?
What is the precursor to A and B antigens?
What percentage of people are secretors?
What percentage of people are secretors?
Which two antisera are needed for a routine blood type determination?
Which two antisera are needed for a routine blood type determination?
Which type of electrophoresis is commonly used in DNA analysis today?
Which type of electrophoresis is commonly used in DNA analysis today?
What is the primary factor that determines the net charge on a protein?
What is the primary factor that determines the net charge on a protein?
What is the purpose of visualizing protein bands after electrophoresis?
What is the purpose of visualizing protein bands after electrophoresis?
What can electrophoresis be used to detect in proteins?
What can electrophoresis be used to detect in proteins?
What is the role of gel electrophoresis in forensic settings today?
What is the role of gel electrophoresis in forensic settings today?
What is the purpose of using polymorphic enzymes in forensic serology?
What is the purpose of using polymorphic enzymes in forensic serology?
What is the distribution of any given marker within a population?
What is the distribution of any given marker within a population?
What is the product of the distribution of markers within a population?
What is the product of the distribution of markers within a population?
What is the significance of finding multiple factors in a bloodstain?
What is the significance of finding multiple factors in a bloodstain?
What is the relationship between the distribution of markers and regional populations?
What is the relationship between the distribution of markers and regional populations?
Which of the following is true about the Group Specific Component (Ge) protein?
Which of the following is true about the Group Specific Component (Ge) protein?
Which of the following is true about Erythrocyte Acid Phosphatase (EAP)?
Which of the following is true about Erythrocyte Acid Phosphatase (EAP)?
Which of the following is true about genetic markers in body fluids?
Which of the following is true about genetic markers in body fluids?
Which of the following is true about the degradation of protein markers in biological materials?
Which of the following is true about the degradation of protein markers in biological materials?
Which of the following is true about the handling and storage of biological evidence?
Which of the following is true about the handling and storage of biological evidence?
What is the role of Group Specific Component (Ge) Ge protein in the body?
What is the role of Group Specific Component (Ge) Ge protein in the body?
Which body fluid is of forensic importance in cases of rape and sexual assault?
Which body fluid is of forensic importance in cases of rape and sexual assault?
What protein markers may be present in sperm as well as seminal fluid?
What protein markers may be present in sperm as well as seminal fluid?
Which body fluid contains polymorphic markers that are found almost exclusively in it?
Which body fluid contains polymorphic markers that are found almost exclusively in it?
Which tissues have polymorphic genetic markers that could play a role in cadaver identification?
Which tissues have polymorphic genetic markers that could play a role in cadaver identification?
What are the basic characteristics of blood spatter patterns?
What are the basic characteristics of blood spatter patterns?
What are the factors that cause blood spatter formation?
What are the factors that cause blood spatter formation?
What are the limitations of blood spatter interpretation?
What are the limitations of blood spatter interpretation?
Which blood vessel carries freshly oxygenated blood to each region of the body?
Which blood vessel carries freshly oxygenated blood to each region of the body?
What is the main function of blood in our body?
What is the main function of blood in our body?
What type of blood vessel has walls that expand and contract to push blood under high pressure throughout the vascular system?
What type of blood vessel has walls that expand and contract to push blood under high pressure throughout the vascular system?
What is the role of capillaries in the circulation of blood?
What is the role of capillaries in the circulation of blood?
What is the difference between the walls of arteries and capillaries?
What is the difference between the walls of arteries and capillaries?
Which type of spatter is produced from impact mechanisms such as beating or gunshot?
Which type of spatter is produced from impact mechanisms such as beating or gunshot?
At what angle of impact will a bloodstain usually be circular?
At what angle of impact will a bloodstain usually be circular?
What is the range of diameters for bloodstains resulting from drops dropped over a range of 6 inches to 7 feet onto a smooth hard surface?
What is the range of diameters for bloodstains resulting from drops dropped over a range of 6 inches to 7 feet onto a smooth hard surface?
What surface will create much less (if any) spatter compared to a rough textured surface like wood or concrete?
What surface will create much less (if any) spatter compared to a rough textured surface like wood or concrete?
What is the primary factor that determines the net charge on a protein?
What is the primary factor that determines the net charge on a protein?
Which of the following is a source of impact spatter related to gunshot wounds?
Which of the following is a source of impact spatter related to gunshot wounds?
What is the size range of impact spatter associated with beatings and stabbings?
What is the size range of impact spatter associated with beatings and stabbings?
What type of spatter is produced when blood is released when an impinging force exceeds gravity?
What type of spatter is produced when blood is released when an impinging force exceeds gravity?
What type of spatter is produced when blood meets low velocity forces or falls freely to a surface?
What type of spatter is produced when blood meets low velocity forces or falls freely to a surface?
What is the term used to describe blood that accumulates in the lungs or airways and is forcefully expelled through the mouth and nose?
What is the term used to describe blood that accumulates in the lungs or airways and is forcefully expelled through the mouth and nose?
Which of the following is true about the venous system?
Which of the following is true about the venous system?
What color is deoxygenated blood in veins?
What color is deoxygenated blood in veins?
What initiates clot formation at the site of an open wound?
What initiates clot formation at the site of an open wound?
What is the average terminal velocity speed for a falling blood drop?
What is the average terminal velocity speed for a falling blood drop?
What is the stability of exposed blood drops due to?
What is the stability of exposed blood drops due to?
Which type of altered stain occurs when a dried bloodstain begins to flake in the center leaving a visible outer rim, or if the central area of a partially dried bloodstain is altered by wiping or some kind of contact?
Which type of altered stain occurs when a dried bloodstain begins to flake in the center leaving a visible outer rim, or if the central area of a partially dried bloodstain is altered by wiping or some kind of contact?
Which type of bloodstain pattern suggests the movement of a body or the infliction of further injury after the initial attack?
Which type of bloodstain pattern suggests the movement of a body or the infliction of further injury after the initial attack?
Which type of bloodstain pattern can be caused by coughing or exhalation of clotted blood from the victim?
Which type of bloodstain pattern can be caused by coughing or exhalation of clotted blood from the victim?
What can cause changes in bloodstaining at a crime scene?
What can cause changes in bloodstaining at a crime scene?
What is the recommended method for recording and preserving the appearance of blood staining at a crime scene?
What is the recommended method for recording and preserving the appearance of blood staining at a crime scene?
What is blood transfer pattern and how is it produced?
What is blood transfer pattern and how is it produced?
What are altered stains and what are some examples?
What are altered stains and what are some examples?
How are wet bloodstains susceptible to alteration?
How are wet bloodstains susceptible to alteration?
What are the types of blood spatter that can be found on clothing?
What are the types of blood spatter that can be found on clothing?
What is important to note when recording bloodstains and spatter at a crime scene?
What is important to note when recording bloodstains and spatter at a crime scene?
What are the basic principles of extraction, quantitation, amplification, and electrophoresis in DNA analysis?
What are the basic principles of extraction, quantitation, amplification, and electrophoresis in DNA analysis?
What is the role of CODIS in forensic DNA analysis?
What is the role of CODIS in forensic DNA analysis?
What is the difference between mDNA and Y-STR testing in DNA analysis?
What is the difference between mDNA and Y-STR testing in DNA analysis?
Which molecule carries the genetic blueprint for life?
Which molecule carries the genetic blueprint for life?
What are the two groups of nitrogenous bases in DNA?
What are the two groups of nitrogenous bases in DNA?
How many hydrogen bonds are formed between adenine and thymine in DNA?
How many hydrogen bonds are formed between adenine and thymine in DNA?
What is the main technique used in RFLP DNA testing?
What is the main technique used in RFLP DNA testing?
What does RFLP stand for in DNA testing?
What does RFLP stand for in DNA testing?
What is the purpose of cutting DNA into fragments in RFLP testing?
What is the purpose of cutting DNA into fragments in RFLP testing?
Which DNA extraction method is best suited for samples that are dirty or involve glues or dyes?
Which DNA extraction method is best suited for samples that are dirty or involve glues or dyes?
Which DNA extraction method relies on magnetic particles to yield a clean sample free of inhibitors of the PCR/STR process?
Which DNA extraction method relies on magnetic particles to yield a clean sample free of inhibitors of the PCR/STR process?
Which DNA extraction method uses Chelex beads and is a very straightforward and quick extraction method?
Which DNA extraction method uses Chelex beads and is a very straightforward and quick extraction method?
Which DNA extraction method uses a reverse blot to visualize and has a low level of uniqueness for a DQA genotype?
Which DNA extraction method uses a reverse blot to visualize and has a low level of uniqueness for a DQA genotype?
Which DNA analysis technique combines PCR and electrophoresis to amplify and separate highly discriminating short repeating units in human DNA for identification purposes?
Which DNA analysis technique combines PCR and electrophoresis to amplify and separate highly discriminating short repeating units in human DNA for identification purposes?
Which DNA analysis technique is the most current test used today and is good for typing from highly degraded samples?
Which DNA analysis technique is the most current test used today and is good for typing from highly degraded samples?
Which method is most commonly used for quantitation in PCR?
Which method is most commonly used for quantitation in PCR?
What is the purpose of amplification in the DNA process?
What is the purpose of amplification in the DNA process?
What are the three steps involved in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) process?
What are the three steps involved in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) process?
What is the role of a thermal cycler in the PCR process?
What is the role of a thermal cycler in the PCR process?
Which type of electrophoresis is commonly used to separate DNA fragments based on their size?
Which type of electrophoresis is commonly used to separate DNA fragments based on their size?
What is the purpose of adding a fluorescent dye tag to the primers in the amplification reaction?
What is the purpose of adding a fluorescent dye tag to the primers in the amplification reaction?
What is the role of a camera in the electrophoresis process?
What is the role of a camera in the electrophoresis process?
Which company offers capillary electrophoresis instruments such as the ABI 310 and ABI 3130?
Which company offers capillary electrophoresis instruments such as the ABI 310 and ABI 3130?
What is the purpose of real-time PCR in DNA quantitation?
What is the purpose of real-time PCR in DNA quantitation?
What are the three steps of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) process?
What are the three steps of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) process?
What is the purpose of capillary electrophoresis in DNA analysis?
What is the purpose of capillary electrophoresis in DNA analysis?
Which of the following is true about Y-STR testing?
Which of the following is true about Y-STR testing?
What is the main advantage of mitochondrial DNA (mDNA) testing?
What is the main advantage of mitochondrial DNA (mDNA) testing?
What is the purpose of CODIS?
What is the purpose of CODIS?
What is the function of robotics systems in DNA analysis?
What is the function of robotics systems in DNA analysis?
What is the purpose of the Combined DNA Index System (CODIS)?
What is the purpose of the Combined DNA Index System (CODIS)?
What is the role of an expert witness in a trial?
What is the role of an expert witness in a trial?
What knowledge and skills are important for an expert witness to competently handle direct and cross-examination?
What knowledge and skills are important for an expert witness to competently handle direct and cross-examination?
What are the objectives of this module regarding expert testimony and courtroom presentation?
What are the objectives of this module regarding expert testimony and courtroom presentation?
Which of the following is a recommended strategy for minimizing stress and stage fright during a trial?
Which of the following is a recommended strategy for minimizing stress and stage fright during a trial?
What is the recommended approach when faced with a difficult question from a juror?
What is the recommended approach when faced with a difficult question from a juror?
What is the recommended approach if you make a mistake during your testimony?
What is the recommended approach if you make a mistake during your testimony?
What is the recommended approach to dressing for a trial?
What is the recommended approach to dressing for a trial?
What is the recommended approach to demeanor during a trial?
What is the recommended approach to demeanor during a trial?
What is the recommended approach when you don't know the answer to a question?
What is the recommended approach when you don't know the answer to a question?
What is the recommended approach if you make a mistake during your testimony?
What is the recommended approach if you make a mistake during your testimony?
What is the recommended approach to dressing for a trial?
What is the recommended approach to dressing for a trial?
What is the recommended approach to demeanor during a trial?
What is the recommended approach to demeanor during a trial?
What is the recommended approach when you don't know the answer to a question?
What is the recommended approach when you don't know the answer to a question?
What is one way to minimize stress and stage fright during a trial?
What is one way to minimize stress and stage fright during a trial?
What is one recommended approach when faced with difficult questions from jurors?
What is one recommended approach when faced with difficult questions from jurors?
How can a witness enhance their reputation for honesty if they make a mistake?
How can a witness enhance their reputation for honesty if they make a mistake?
