Forensic Science Overview

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Questions and Answers

Match the following hair layers with their descriptions:

Cuticle = The outermost layer of a hair strand, made up of overlapping dead cells Cortex = The middle layer of a hair shaft, and is the thickest layer of hair Medulla = The innermost layer of the hair shaft

Match the following fingerprint patterns with their characteristics:

Arches = Have a mound-like shape with ridges that flow from one side to the other Tented Arches = Similar to arches, but with a more pronounced upward thrust in the center Loops = Have concentric ridges that flow in one side, recurve, and exit on the same side Whorls = Have ridges that form circles or spirals

Match the following variables with their descriptions in experimental design:

Independent Variable = Variables that are specifically changed in an experiment Dependent Variable = Variables that are being measured in an experiment Control = A baseline that is not affected by the independent variable

Match the fingerprint minutiae with their importance:

Minutiae = Tiny details in fingerprints that make them unique Matched Minutiae = Minimum of 12 that must be matched to establish an identical fingerprint Signup and view all the answers

Match the following blood components with their functions:

Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes) = Carry oxygen White Blood Cells (Leukocytes) = Fight infection Platelets (Thrombocytes) = Help with blood clotting Plasma = Carries blood cells and substances Signup and view all the answers

Match the test types with their descriptions:

Presumptive Test = Initial screening indicating possible substance presence Confirmatory Test = Rigorous test for definitive identification Screening Test = Initial indication of substance Definitive Test = Conclusive proof of substance presence Signup and view all the answers

Match the blood types with their corresponding antigens:

Type A = A Antigen Type B = B Antigen Type AB = A & B Antigens Type O = None Signup and view all the answers

Match the components of a nucleotide with their names:

Deoxyribose Sugar = Pentose Sugar Nitrogen Bases = A base that pairs with T or C pairs with G Phosphate Group = Part of the nucleotide structure Nucleotide = Building block of DNA Signup and view all the answers

Match the post-mortem changes with their descriptions:

Livor mortis = Blood pooling to one side of the body due to gravity Rigor mortis = Stiffness of muscles and joints post-death Algor mortis = Decrease in body temperature to match the environment Insect activity = Presence of insects indicating time since death Signup and view all the answers

Match the levels of organization with their examples:

Cell = Blood cell Tissue = Muscle Organ = Stomach Organ system = Respiratory system Signup and view all the answers

Match the lobes of the brain with their functions:

Frontal lobe = Higher cognitive functions like planning Parietal lobe = Processes sensory information like touch Temporal lobe = Processes auditory information Occipital lobe = Processes visual information Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of tissue with their basic functions:

Epithelial tissue = Covering and lining surfaces Connective tissue = Supporting and binding structures Muscle tissue = Contraction and movement Nervous tissue = Transmitting electrical signals Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of heart defects with their characteristics:

Valve defects = Valves cannot open or close properly Septal defects = A hole in the wall of the heart TBI = Single blow to the head CTE = Multiple blows to the head leading to worse effects Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

Chromosomes = Structures containing DNA that carry genes Genes = Functional units of heredity located on chromosomes DNA = Long strands that make up chromosomes RFLPs = Unique fragment lengths created by restriction enzymes Signup and view all the answers

Match the following cell types with their characteristics:

Prokaryotic = Cells without a nucleus Eukaryotic = Cells with a nucleus Bacteria = Example of prokaryotic cells Plants = Example of eukaryotic cells Signup and view all the answers

Match the DNA profiling techniques with their descriptions:

PCR = Amplifies small amounts of DNA Restriction Enzymes = Cuts DNA at specific sites Gel Electrophoresis = Separates DNA fragments based on size DNA Fingerprinting = Creates a unique pattern for identification Signup and view all the answers

Match the terms related to autopsy with their explanations:

Cause of Death = Specific disease or injury leading to death Manner of Death = How the death occurred Mechanism of Death = Physiological process causing body to stop functioning Homicide = An example of manner of death Signup and view all the answers

Match the organs to their body systems and functions:

Bladder = Urinary System - Filters and removes waste Heart = Cardiovascular System - Pumps blood Lungs = Respiratory System - Facilitates gas exchange Brain = Nervous System - Controls body functions Signup and view all the answers

Match the following body systems with their respective organs:

Endocrine System = Pituitary Immune System = Thymus Digestive System = Gallbladder Lymphatic System = Lymph Node Signup and view all the answers

Match the following DNA-related terms with their functions:

Restriction Enzymes = Create unique DNA fragment lengths PCR = Detects minute quantities of DNA Gel Electrophoresis = Visualizes DNA profiles RFLPs = Represents variations in DNA sequences Signup and view all the answers

Match the following organ systems to their primary functions:

Cardiovascular System = Circulates blood and nutrients Nervous System = Processes sensory information Respiratory System = Inhales oxygen and exhales carbon dioxide Urinary System = Regulates water and electrolytes Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Testable Hypothesis

A testable hypothesis is a statement that can be proven or disproven through experimentation.

Independent Variable

An independent variable is the factor that you change in an experiment to see its effect on the outcome. It is the cause.

Dependent Variable

A dependent variable is the factor that you are measuring in an experiment. It is the effect.

Control

A control is a standard for comparison in an experiment. It is a sample that is not exposed to the independent variable.