Questions and Answers
What is the antebrachium?
What does the interosseus membrane do?
It holds ulna and radius together.
What movements does the loose arrangement of the ulna and radius permit?
Pronation and supination of the forearm.
The wrist allows for rotation.
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How is the antebrachium divided?
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Match the characteristics of the ulna:
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What makes up the anterior part of the antebrachium?
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Match the superficial muscles of the anterior compartment:
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What is medial epicondylitis commonly known as?
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Where is the origin of the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris?
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Where does the ulnar nerve pass?
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What is the function of the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris?
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What is unique about the Palmaris Longus?
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What artery supplies the Palmaris Longus?
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What is the primary function of the Flexor Pollicis Longus?
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What function do the posterior muscles of the forearm serve?
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All muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm are innervated by the radial nerve.
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What condition is caused by lateral epicondylitis?
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Study Notes
Antebrachium Overview
- The antebrachium refers to the forearm, running from the elbow to the wrist.
- Composed of two bones: ulna (medial aspect) and radius, connected by the interosseus membrane.
Interosseus Membrane
- Tough connective tissue that stabilizes the ulna and radius, allowing mobility.
Pronation and Supination
- Loose arrangement of the ulna and radius enables rotation of the forearm, termed pronation and supination.
- The wrist itself does not allow for rotation.
Muscle Compartments of the Antebrachium
- Divided into anterior (flexors) and posterior (extensors) compartments, with proximal muscle bellies and distal tendons.
- Proximal attachment is typically higher up (nearer to the elbow), which can contribute to injuries like tendinitis.
Anatomy of the Ulna
- Medial bone of the forearm, featuring a broad proximal end and narrowing distally.
Anterior Compartment Muscles
- Anterior compartment consists of superficial, intermediate, and deep muscle layers.
- Superficial muscles include Flexor Carpi Ulnaris, Palmaris Longus, Flexor Carpi Radialis, and Pronator Teres.
- Originates primarily from the common flexor tendon at the medial epicondyle.
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
- Most medial of the anterior superficial muscles, innervated by the ulnar nerve.
- Originates from the medial epicondyle and olecranon process, attaching distal to the pisiform bone and fifth metacarpal.
- Function: allows wrist flexion and ulnar deviation.
Palmaris Longus
- Lateral to Flexor Carpi Ulnaris, often absent in 14% of the population.
- Originates from the medial epicondyle; attaches to the flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis.
- Innervated by the median nerve; aids in tensing the palmar aponeurosis.
Flexor Carpi Radialis
- Innervated by the median nerve; responsible for wrist flexion and radial deviation.
- Originates from the medial epicondyle; attaches to the base of the second metacarpal.
Intermediate and Deep Muscles
- Intermediate layer: Flexor Digitorum Superficialis, which divides into four tendons reaching distal phalanges.
- Deep muscles include Flexor Digitorum Profundus (runs to distal phalanges 2-5), Flexor Pollicis Longus (flexes thumb), and Pronator Quadratus (primary pronator).
Posterior Compartment Muscles
- Divided into superficial, deep, and outcropping muscles.
- Mainly involved in wrist and digit extension, and innervated by the radial nerve.
Brachioradialis
- Unique muscle that flexes the elbow, originating from the supinator ridge, and attaches to the radius.
- Supplied by the radial recurrent artery.
Extensor Muscles Overview
- Superficial muscles include Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus/Brevis, Extensor Digitorum, Extensor Digiti Minimi, and Extensor Carpi Ulnaris.
- Common origin is the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, with functions primarily focused on wrist extension and radial/ulnar deviation.
Clinical Conditions
- Golfer's elbow refers to medial epicondylitis, while Tennis elbow refers to lateral epicondylitis.
Blood Supply and Innervation
- Anterior compartment is supplied by ulnar and radial arteries and innervated mainly by the median and ulnar nerves.
- Posterior compartment is supplied by the posterior interosseous artery.
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Description
Explore the anatomy of the forearm, known as the antebrachium, including its structure, bones, muscle compartments, and functional movements like pronation and supination. This quiz covers key concepts such as the ulna and radius, interosseus membrane, and common injuries related to the anterior compartment muscles.